ReviewBritish journal of anaesthesia2025
The diverse effects of ketamine, jack-of-all-trades: a narrative review.
Review in British journal of anaesthesia, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT07145775 (Dexmedetomidine-esketamine-ropivacaine Versus Sufentanil-ropivacaine Combination for Epidural Labor Analgesia and Neonatal Outcomes), which is not on this map. Cited by 14 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Dexmedetomidine-esketamine-ropivacaine Versus Sufentanil-ropivacaine Combination for Epidural Labor Analgesia and Neonatal Outcomes: a Pilot Randomized Trial
Who cites it
14 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Effectiveness of drug interventions to prevent delirium after surgery for older adults: systematic review and network meta-analysis of randomised controlled trials.BMJ (Clinical research ed.) · 2026Pooled it
- Effect of Sub-Anesthetic Dose Esketamine on Oculocardiac Reflex in Children Undergoing Day-Case Strabismus Surgery: A Randomized Controlled Trial.Drug design, development and therapy · 2026Trial
- Esketamine-based PCIA combined with intercostal nerve block for acute pain after lobectomy: a randomized controlled trial.Frontiers in pharmacology · 2026Trial
- The Effect of Esketamine Combined with Pulsed Radiofrequency on Neuropathic Pain in Herpes Zoster Patients: A Randomised Clinical Trial.Pain and therapy · 2026Article
- Esketamine versus dexmedetomidine for oxygenation and postoperative quality of recovery in thoracoscopic surgery: a randomized, double-blind, non-inferiority controlled trial.Journal of anesthesia · 2026Article
- Intramuscular Ketamine Pharmacokinetics in Humans: A Review.European journal of drug metabolism and pharmacokinetics · 2026Review
- Sedation Strategies, Drugs, and Protocols Used in Catheter Ablation of Atrial Fibrillation: A Focused Review.Reviews in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Review
- Kappa-Opioid Receptor Antagonism Prolongs the Antidepressant Effects of Ketamine in Adult Mice with Depression-like Behavior Induced by Adolescent Chronic Unpredictable Stress.International journal of molecular sciences · 2026Article
- Intraoperative haemodynamic responses to opioid-free anaesthesia versus anaesthesia with fentanyl for laparoscopic cholecystectomy-a prospective observational pilot study.BMC anesthesiology · 2026Observational
- Review
- Modeling drug retention as memory effects in obese patients using fractional and augmented models.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- Sublingual ketamine for acute postoperative pain: an emerging addition to multimodal analgesia.British journal of anaesthesia · 2025Article
- Ketamine in Status Epilepticus: How Soon Is Now?Neurology international · 2025Review
- Preclinical Safety Evaluation of BB106, a Novel Ketamine-Sulfobutylether-Beta-Cyclodextrin Salt, Following Subcutaneous Administration in Rats and Göttingen Minipigs.International journal of toxicologyArticle
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Ketamine, an N-methyl-D-aspartic acid receptor antagonist that was first discovered in 1962, has become established in anaesthesia providing dose-dependent anaesthetic, sedative, and analgesic effects. Ketamine, however, also acts on a wide range of other cellular targets, resulting in interesting and diverse effects on both physiological and pathological processes. Potential beneficial properties of ketamine include cardiovascular stability for patients undergoing sedation or anaesthesia, analgesia in both acute and chronic pain, bronchodilation in severe refractory asthma, anti-inflammatory properties particularly in sepsis, tumour inhibition, and antidepressant properties with marked ability to reverse suicidal ideation. The reluctance to adopt ketamine into routine practice is likely attributable in part to the stigma and negative reputation associated with its perceived side-effects and potential for abuse. This review explores the diverse properties and therapeutic potentials of ketamine being investigated across different fields whilst also identifying areas for ongoing and future research. Given the diverse range of potential benefits and promising early work, ketamine should be the focus of ongoing research in multiple different specialty areas. This includes areas relevant to anaesthesia and perioperative medicine, such as acute and chronic pain management, ICU sedation, and even tumour suppression in those undergoing surgical resection of malignancies.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.