ArticleJAMA health forum2025
Advanced Child Tax Credit Monthly Payments and Substance Use Among US Parents.
Article in JAMA health forum, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. An erratum has been issued. Cited by 4 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Self-reported cannabis use following cash transfer: Estimating the short-term impacts of the Alaska Permanent Fund Dividend.The International journal on drug policy · 2026Article
- Association of pandemic-era US county-level policies with adult health and health behaviors.SSM - population health · 2026Article
- The impact of cash and near-cash social policies on substance use outcomes: a scoping review.Health affairs scholar · 2026Review
- Error in Supplement 2.JAMA health forum · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
- Erratum issued
Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Importance: 2021 Advance child tax credit (ACTC) monthly payments were associated with reduced US child poverty rates; however, policymakers have expressed concerns that permanent adoption would increase parental substance use. Objective: To assess whether 2021 ACTC monthly payments were temporally associated with changes in substance use among parents compared with adults without children. Design, Setting, and Participants: The primary sample included adults aged 18 to 64 years who responded to the National Survey on Drug Use and Health in 2021. Difference-in-differences models were used to test whether substance use changed for parents compared with adults without children after ACTC monthly payments went into effect. Additional National Survey on Drug Use and Health data from 2018 to 2020 were used to assess pretrends in substance use for parents and adults without children. Analyses were survey weighted and conducted from September 2023 to November 2024. The treatment group was defined as adults with dependent children in the home who would have been eligible for the tax credit from July to December 2021. Adults without children, who would not have been eligible for the tax credit, comprised the comparison group. Main Outcomes and Measures: Outcomes included binary measures of any self-reported use of tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, and illicit substances (eg, cocaine, opioids, or other stimulants or sedatives) during the previous 30 days; counts of the number of days of use of tobacco, alcohol, cannabis, and illicit substances during the previous 30 days among people who used these substances; and counts of the number of cigarettes and alcoholic beverages consumed during the previous 30 days among people who used these substances. Results: Of 41 853 adults, 17 308 were parents and 24 545 were adults without children. ACTC monthly payment implementation was associated with a -4.3-percentage point (95% CI, -6.6 to -2.0) decline in the probability of using tobacco during the previous 30 days for parents compared with adults without children. Among parents who smoked, payments were associated with a -46.8-percentage point (95% CI, -93.1 to -0.5) decline in the number of cigarettes smoked during the previous 30 days. Estimated changes in the probability, frequency, and quantity of other substance use (alcohol, cannabis, and illicit substances) for parents were null and not significant. Conclusions: The study results suggest that 2021 ACTC monthly payments were not associated with increased parental substance use.
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