ArticleWorld journal of pediatrics : WJP2025
Global, regional, and national trends in type 2 diabetes mellitus burden among adolescents and young adults aged 10-24 years from 1990 to 2021: a trend analysis from the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.
Article in World journal of pediatrics : WJP, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 23 papers, 2 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
23 citing papers in PubMed, 2 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- Treatment preference for once-weekly versus once-daily DPP-4 inhibitors in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus: a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials.Annals of medicine · 2026Pooled it
- Risk factors for the occurrence and progression of diabetic retinopathy in children and adolescents: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in public health · 2026Pooled it
- Barriers to glycemic control among youth with diabetes in Ghana: a mixed-methods cross-sectional study.BMC endocrine disorders · 2026Article
- International consensus on adolescent metabolic health: prevention of obesity and type 2 diabetes.Diabetology & metabolic syndrome · 2026Review
- Diverse and rare candidate MODY gene variants were identified in one-fifth of a Bangladeshi cohort with nonobese, nonautoimmune youth-onset diabetes.Scientific reports · 2026Article
- Correlation between ocular surface characteristics and tear lymphotoxin-alpha in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus of different courses.International ophthalmology · 2026Article
- Optimizing Hydroalcoholic Extraction of African Medicinal Plants for Enhanced α-Amylase Inhibition and Functional Enrichment of Hypoglycemic Bread Doughs.Foods (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Association Between Insulin Regimen and Cardiovascular Risk in Indonesian Patients with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus: A Cross-Sectional Study.Therapeutics and clinical risk management · 2026Article
- Identification of BMI-related high-risk feature combinations for diabetes among young adults with normal baseline fasting plasma glucose using interpretable machine learning: a health check-up cohort study.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Analysis of mortality risk and influencing factors in female patients with young-onset type 2 diabetes.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2026Article
- Review
- Burden and risk factors of depression in seniors from 1990 to 2021: a multi-database study based on EMR mining methods.Translational psychiatry · 2025Article
- Temporal changes in the burden of type 2 diabetes mellitus across the BRICS, 1990-2021: a comprehensive analysis for the global burden of disease study 2021.BMC public health · 2025Article
- The Antidiabetic Activity of Wild-Growing and Cultivated Medicinal Plants Used in Romania for Diabetes Mellitus Management: A Phytochemical and Pharmacological Review.Pharmaceuticals (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Determinants of Poor Glycemic Control Among Type 2 Diabetes Patients: A Systematic Review.Cureus · 2025Review
- Exploring Saliva as a Sample for Non-Invasive Glycemic Monitoring in Diabetes: A Scoping Review.Biomedicines · 2025Review
- Natural Language Processing (NLP): Identifying Linguistic Gender Bias in Electronic Medical Records (EMRs).Journal of patient experience · 2025Article
- Harnessing gut-derived bioactives and AI diagnostics for the next generation of type 2 diabetes solutions.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- Future horizons in diabetes: integrating AI and personalized care.Frontiers in endocrinology · 2025Review
- Global epidemiology and burden of type 2 diabetes in adults aged 55 and older: insights from 1990 to 2021.Therapeutic advances in endocrinology and metabolism · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
backgroundType 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) poses an escalating public health challenge among adolescents and young adults worldwide. Despite the rising incidence, comprehensive data on the burden and trends of T2DM in this demographic remain scarce. This study aims to evaluate the burden of T2DM among individuals aged 10-24 years globally, regionally, and nationally from 1990 to 2021.
methodsUtilizing data from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021, we assessed incidence rates, disability-adjusted life-years (DALYs), and average annual percentage changes (AAPCs) for T2DM in the specified age group. Analyses accounted for variations by age, sex, and socio-demographic index (SDI). Joinpoint regression analysis identified years of significant trend shifts.
resultsThe global incidence of T2DM among adolescents and young adults rose from 56.02 per 100,000 (95% UI 43.03-72.32) in 1990 to 123.86 per 100,000 (95% UI 100.43-149.79) in 2021, reflecting an AAPC of 3.01 (95% CI 2.78-3.23). Notable increases were recorded in 1995, 2002, and 2009, with joinpoints indicating significant trend stabilization post-2010 for prevalence and DALYs. The largest relative incidence increase was observed in the 15-19 age group [AAPC 2.97 (95% CI 2.71-3.24)]. Although T2DM mortality was 2.4 times higher in the 15-19 age group compared to the 20-24 age group, the latter exhibited a significantly higher overall mortality rate. Regionally, Oceania recorded the highest incidence rates in 2021, while North Africa and the Middle East showed the greatest AAPCs. High-SDI countries experienced the most substantial increase in T2DM burden, with males comprising 54.8% of cases.
conclusionsFrom 1990 to 2021, the global burden of T2DM among adolescents and young adults has markedly increased, underscoring the necessity for targeted, region-specific interventions to address this issue. The observed demographic disparities in mortality rates necessitate the implementation of age-specific strategies. Furthermore, the emergent trends in T2DM indicators warrant urgent attention to mitigate the rising burden in this vulnerable population.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.