ArticleCancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII2025
Cytokine profile of bronchoalveolar lavage in patients with and without checkpoint inhibitor pneumonitis.
Article in Cancer immunology, immunotherapy : CII, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Diagnostic research in immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis: a bibliometric analysis of research evolution, diagnostic focuses, and future priorities.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Pooled it
- [Advances in Radiomics for Immune Checkpoint Inhibitor-related Pneumonitis of Lung Cancer].Zhongguo fei ai za zhi = Chinese journal of lung cancer · 2026Review
- The price of immune awakening: bridging knowledge gaps in checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis in lung cancer.Breathe (Sheffield, England) · 2026Article
- Immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis: current advances and the putative role of mesenchymal stem cell therapy.Cell death & disease · 2026Review
- Bronchoalveolar lavage fluid in immune checkpoint inhibitor-related pneumonitis: from pathophysiological window to a precision diagnostic tool.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Case Report: Successful treatment of steroid-refractory severe immunotherapy-induced pneumonitis with equine antithymocyte globulin.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Article
- From inflammatory phenotypes to clinical decisions: a stratified diagnostic and therapeutic framework for CIP.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
- Review
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Authors and funding
10 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundCheckpoint inhibitor pneumonitis (CIP) that develops following immune checkpoint inhibitor (ICI) treatment can be difficult to distinguish from other common etiologies of lung inflammation in cancer patients. Here, we evaluate the bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BAL) for potential biomarkers specific to CIP.
methodsWe conducted a retrospective study of patients who underwent standard of care bronchoscopy to compare the cytokines of interest between patients with and without CIP and with and without immune-mediated pulmonary diseases. Pulmonary diagnoses were determined by the treating clinician at the time of bronchoscopy and retroactively reviewed for agreement by the study team.
resultsThirty-seven patients were included, and 24 (64.9%) had pulmonary infection, 2 (5.4%) had pulmonary edema, 6 (16.2%) had non-CIP drug-induced pneumonitis, 3 (8.1%) had CIP, 5 (13.5%) had immune-mediated ILD or autoimmune vasculitis, 4 (10.8%) had cancer progression, and 4 (10.8%) had nonimmune-mediated interstitial lung disease (ILD). IL-6 from the BAL was significantly higher in patients with CIP compared to those with cancer progression and nonimmune-mediated ILD, and IL-6 was significantly higher in patients with immune-mediated pulmonary diseases compared to cancer progression, nonimmune-mediated ILD, and infection.
conclusionsBAL IL-6 distinguished CIP from other common, important causes of pulmonary infiltrates in patients with cancer, suggesting it may give insight into the pathophysiology of CIP and has potential as a biomarker.
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