ArticleJournal of rehabilitation medicine2025
Immersive virtual reality to assess unilateral spatial neglect in stroke patients: a preliminary study.
Article in Journal of rehabilitation medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
objectivesThe conventional test to detect unilateral spatial neglect (USN) is the Bells Test performed in a paper-and-pencil format. While several studies showed immersive virtual reality (VR) tests may provide greater sensitivity in revealing the presence of USN using visual scanning tasks, none has investigated the Bells Test in VR. This study compares the Bells Test performed in paper-and-pencil format (PP) and in VR in conventional (CVR) and ecological (EVR) format, which differ by the size of the display, in stroke patients.
designCross-sectional study.
settingStroke patients.
participantsA convenience sample of 32 stroke patients.
interventionsVR assessments were performed using an immersive system with a head-mounted display. In CVR, the Bells Test is reproduced in the same format as PP (A4 sheet), while in EVR, the targets are displayed in a wider space corresponding to a hemisphere of 1-m radius.
resultsThe number of cancelled targets out of 35 was 32.5 (3.5) for PP, 33 (4) for CVR, and 34 (2) for EVR (mean [SD]), with a significant difference between PP and EVR (p < 0.05). The time to complete the Bells Test was 186 (69) s for PP, 184 (65) s for CVR, and 170 (58) s for EVR, without differences between modalities (p > 0.05). Bells Tests in the 3 modalities revealed the presence of USN, except for 1 patient in EVR.
conclusionVR assessment of USN could be used in the same way as conventional cancellations tests. Moreover, VR could provide additional information on the type of USN through the different testing modalities available.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.