ArticleCureus2024
Prevalence of Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease (GERD) Among Electronic Cigarette-Smoking University Students in Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Article in Cureus, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- [Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease].The Korean journal of gastroenterology = Taehan Sohwagi Hakhoe chi · 2025Review
- Assessing the gastrointestinal and psychological impacts of nicotine pouch use among adults in Saudi Arabia: A cross-sectional study.Tobacco prevention & cessation · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
Introduction The rise of vaping, especially among young adults in Saudi Arabia, has raised concerns due to the lack of awareness of the health risks associated with electronic cigarette use. This study examines the prevalence of gastroesophageal reflux disease (GERD) among university students in Riyadh, focusing on smoking behaviors and their influence on GERD symptoms. Methodology This cross-sectional study was conducted from July to September 2024, including random students aged 18 and above from several universities in Riyadh city. An online questionnaire, distributed via social media platforms, collected demographic data, smoking behaviors, and GERD prevalence using the validated Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease Questionnaire (GerdQ). Data was analyzed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, IBM Corp., Version 27.0, Armonk, NY). Results The study sample included 403 students. GERD was diagnosed in 93 (64.6%) of students with health problems. Smoking habits revealed that 93 (23.1%) smoked tobacco and 176 (43.7%) used electronic cigarettes. Students who smoked or vaped reported greater GERD symptom scores than nonsmokers. A substantial gender difference was found, with men reporting more GERD symptoms than women. Body mass index (BMI) also increased GERD severity, with overweight and obese students reporting higher symptoms. Smoking duration was inversely associated with symptom severity, with newer smokers experiencing more severe symptoms. The frequency of vaping was also linked to increased GERD symptoms, with frequent vapers (four to seven days per week) scoring higher. Conclusions GERD is prevalent among university students in Riyadh, especially among smokers and electronic cigarette users. Smoking behavior, gender, and BMI significantly influenced GERD symptoms. These findings highlight the need for public health initiatives to reduce smoking and vaping among young adults and promote awareness of the risks of GERD.
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