ArticleAdvanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.)2025
A Low-Cost, Open-Source 3D Printer for Multimaterial and High-Throughput Direct Ink Writing of Soft and Living Materials.
Article in Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Allstruder: an open syringe extruder for every 3D printer.HardwareX · 2026Article
- A one-step volumetric biofabrication platform for complex hydrogel-based hollow biomaterials.Materials today. Bio · 2026Article
- Enhanced Osteoinduction, Rheological and Mechanical Performance of 3D-Printed Methylcellulose-Gelatin-Hydroxyapatite Scaffolds.Journal of functional biomaterials · 2026Article
- Gradient Multinozzle 3D Printing.bioRxiv : the preprint server for biology · 2026Article
- Dynamic Regulation of Granular Hydrogels Through Guest-Host Interactions to Spatiotemporally Guide Cellular Migration.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026Article
- Biocompatible Ink Optimization Enables Functional Volumetric Bioprinting With Xolography.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2026Article
- 3D bioprinting of cell-laden constructs: technologies, bioink design, and biomedical applications.Biomedical materials (Bristol, England) · 2025Review
- Article
- Highly Extensible Physically Crosslinked Hydrogels for High-Speed 3D Bioprinting.Advanced healthcare materials · 2025Article
- A Low-Cost, Open-Source 3D Printer for Multimaterial and High-Throughput Direct Ink Writing of Soft and Living Materials.Advanced materials (Deerfield Beach, Fla.) · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
15 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Direct ink writing is a 3D printing method that is compatible with a wide range of structural, elastomeric, electronic, and living materials, and it continues to expand its uses into physics, engineering, and biology laboratories. However, the large footprint, closed hardware and software ecosystems, and expense of commercial systems often hamper widespread adoption. This work introduces a compact, low-cost, multimaterial, and high-throughput direct ink writing 3D printer platform with detailed assembly files and instructions provided freely online. In contrast to existing low-cost 3D printers and bioprinters, which typically modify off-the-shelf plastic 3D printers, this system is built from scratch, offering a lower cost and full customizability. Active mixing of cell-laden bioinks, high-throughput production of auxetic lattices using multimaterial multinozzle 3D (MM3D) printing methods, and a high-toughness, photocurable hydrogel for fabrication of heart valves are introduced. Finally, hardware for embedded multinozzle and 3D gradient nozzle printing is developed for producing high-throughput and graded 3D parts. This powerful, simple-to-build, and customizable printing platform can help stimulate a vibrant biomaker community of engineers, biologists, and educators.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.