ArticleBMC medical education2025
A transgender medicine curriculum for Internal Medicine residents at a single academic institution.
Article in BMC medical education, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.
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Who cites it
4 citing papers in PubMed.
- Effect evaluation of integrating art education into medical aesthetics postgraduate training: a single-arm pre-post study.BMC medical education · 2026Article
- Attitudes of Family Physicians in Southern Israel Toward Transgender Individuals: Comparison Between Senior Physicians and Residents.Archives of sexual behavior · 2026Article
- Transgender and Gender-Diverse Patient Perspectives on Hereditary Breast Cancer Risk Assessment in Gender-Affirming Top Surgeries.JCO precision oncology · 2025Article
- Unseen suffering: the urgent need for gender-affirming pain and mental health management for transgender individuals in India.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
3 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundTransgender or gender diverse patients present with health care needs as it relates to gender-affirming care, psychosocial support, and medication access. Considering this, medical education strategies should be implemented to train the next generation of Internal Medicine physicians in this area.
methodsWe adopted Kern's six step approach to curriculum design to create and implement an educational curriculum for teaching Internal Medicine residents about transgender patients at a single academic institution in Canada (Kern et al, Curriculum Development for Medical Education, 2009). Semi-structured individual interviews of Internal Medicine faculty and residents were conducted to understand the needs for delivering content related to transgender health during residency training. The results informed the development and implementation of an academic half day session and objective structured clinical examination (OSCE). Prior to the academic half day, participants were sent three journal articles highlighting key concepts related to the medical care of transgender patients (CMAJ 193:E562-5, 2021; BMC Public Health 15:525, 2015; Bourns A, Guidelines for gender-affirming primary care with trans and non-binary patients, 2019). A pre- and post-intervention numeric assessment form evaluated residents' comfort in providing gender-affirming care across five domains: general care, communication, hormone therapy, side effects, and prevention strategies. Faculty raters, equipped with training in transgender health, evaluated performance in an OSCE on key transgender health issues. Both the clinical case and OSCE scenario were developed via an iterative review process by study investigators.
resultsResidents reported an increase in subjective comfort of providing gender-affirming care (p = 0.042) following delivery of the academic half day content. The OSCE demonstrated that most residents achieved "acceptable" or "exemplary" ratings across multiple domains.
conclusionsWe implemented a Transgender Medicine curriculum for Internal Medicine residents in the Canadian context. The curriculum improved resident comfort in providing gender-affirming care including basic knowledge on gender-affirming hormone therapy, and health promotion activities (e.g., screening for and management of chronic disease, discussion of sexual health, community supports, peer engagement). Further assessment is needed to determine whether these skills are retained in clinical practice.
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