Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39748260›Full record

ArticleRespiratory research2025

Global, regional, and national burden of chronic obstructive pulmonary disease and its attributable risk factors from 1990 to 2021: an analysis for the Global Burden of Disease Study 2021.

Zhufeng Wang, Junfeng Lin, Lina Liang, Feifei Huang, Xiaoyin Yao, Kang Peng, Yi Gao, Jinping Zheng

2 registry-linked trialsAbstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Respiratory research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to 2 registered trials, which are not on this map. Cited by 115 papers, 9 of them syntheses that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
115citing papers in PubMed, 9 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT07508943 not yet recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

Decision-making and Optimization of Ventilatory Support for AECOPD Patients

TypeobservationalSponsorSir Run Run Shaw HospitalRan2026 to 2029Enrolled1,000ConditionsAcute Exacerbation of Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease
NCT07792642 nanot yet recruitingnot on this mapstarted 2026, after this paper: background citation

FITME Study: Formulating Individualised Exercise Prescription in Chronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease

TypeinterventionalSponsorAveiro UniversityRan2026 to 2029Enrolled46ConditionsChronic Obstructive Pulmonary Disease (COPD)ArmsNon-pharmacological intervention: Pulmonary rehabilitation programme
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

115 citing papers in PubMed, 9 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.

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  4. RuralEuropean respiratory review : an official journal of the European Respiratory Society · 2026
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55 more citing papers are in PubMed but not listed here.

4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Zhufeng WangNational Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Junfeng LinNational Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Lina LiangNational Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Feifei HuangNational Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Xiaoyin YaoNational Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Kang PengNational Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China.
Yi GaoNational Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. misstall2@163.com.
Jinping ZhengNational Clinical Research Center for Respiratory Disease, State Key Laboratory of Respiratory Disease, Guangzhou Institute of Respiratory Health, The First Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou Medical University, Guangzhou, Guangdong, China. jpzhenggy@163.com.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundChronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD) continues to be a significant issue, leading to premature death or reduced quality of life. It's important to assess the current burden of COPD and its risk factors on a geographical basis to guide health policy.

methodsData on the prevalence, deaths, and disability-adjusted life years (DALYs) related to COPD, and risk-attributable burden were obtained from the Global Burden of Diseases, Injuries, and Risk Factors Study (GBD) 2021 database. The relationship between COPD DALYs and the sociodemographic index (SDI) was estimated using Smoothing Splines models.

resultsBetween 1990 and 2021, the changes were -1.46% (95% uncertainty interval [UI] -3.36% to 0.39%) in age-standardized prevalence, -37.12% (-43.37% to -27.68%) in mortality, and -36.98% (-42.37% to -28.54%) in DALYs rate. In 2021, a total of 213.39 million prevalent cases of COPD were estimated. The age-standardized prevalence of COPD increased with age and was more common in males. The age-standardized COPD DALYs had a reversed U-shaped relationship with SDI at the regional level, with the highest burden at an SDI of about 0.45. At the global level, smoking had the highest influence on COPD DALYs, accounting for 34.8%, followed by ambient particulate matter pollution (22.2%), household air pollution from solid fuels (19.5%), and occupational particulate matter, gases, and fumes (15.8%).

conclusionsThe overall burden of COPD has been increasing despite improvements in some rates since 1990. It's crucial to focus on interventions such as smoking cessation and addressing environmental and occupational exposures.

Indexed as

Global Burden of DiseaseGlobal HealthPulmonary Disease, Chronic ObstructiveAdolescentAdultAgedAged, 80 and overDisability-Adjusted Life YearsFemaleHumansMaleMiddle AgedPrevalenceRisk FactorsYoung AdultChronic obstructive pulmonary diseaseEpidemiologyGlobal burden of diseaseRisk factors

Identifiers

PMID39748260
PMCPMC11697803

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.