Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39747617›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

3D highly isolated 6-port tri-band MIMO antenna system with 360° coverage for 5G IoT applications based machine learning verification.

Md Afzalur Rahman, Samir Salem Al-Bawri, Sultan S Alharbi, Wazie M Abdulkawi, Noorlindawaty Md Jizat, Mohammad Tariqul Islam, Abdel-Fattah A Sheta

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Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 4 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
4citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

4 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Md Afzalur RahmanSpace Science Centre, Climate Change Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600, Bangi, Malaysia.
Samir Salem Al-BawriSpace Science Centre, Climate Change Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600, Bangi, Malaysia. samir@ukm.edu.my.
Sultan S AlharbiDepartment of Computer Science & Information Technology, Gulf Colleges, Hafar Al-Batin, Saudi Arabia.
Wazie M AbdulkawiDepartment of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering in Wadi Addawasir, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia.
Noorlindawaty Md JizatFaculty of Engineering, Multimedia University, Persiaran Multimedia, 63100, Cyberjaya, Selangor, Malaysia. noorlindawaty.jizat@mmu.edu.my.
Mohammad Tariqul IslamDepartment of Electrical, Electronic and Systems Engineering, Faculty of Engineering and Built Environment, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia UKM, 43600, Bangi, Selangor, Malaysia. tariqul@ukm.edu.my.
Abdel-Fattah A ShetaElectrical Engineering Department, King Saud University, 11421, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

A multipurpose antenna system that can handle a broad area of frequencies is crucial in the effort to build up widespread 5G Internet-of-Things (IoT) networks. For fifth-generation Internet-of-things applications, this research introduces a new multi-band antenna that can operate in the sub-6 GHz band (2-7 GHz), Ku-band (13-17.5 GHz), and millimeter wave band (25-39 GHz). The antenna achieves a remarkable three-band operational bandwidth through cleverly integrated slots and parasitic components. Maximum realized gain of 4.3 dBi in the sub-6 GHz band, 5.5 dBi in the Ku-band, and 9.9 dBi in the millimeter wave (mm-wave) band for 3D MIMO setup is ensured. In addition, the machine learning prediction is used to verify the single element realized gain, and the results demonstrate that it performs admirably with an accuracy of more than 89% using the random forest regression model throughout the entire frequency spectrum. A 6-port, one-of-a-kind MIMO design with strong diversity performance is built from the single-element configuration. This 6-port MIMO system uses a new codesign technique to achieve 360-degree coverage in the elevation and azimuth planes, exceptional isolation (21 dB at sub-6 GHz band, 25 dB at the Ku-band, and 30 dB at mm-wave band), and pattern diversity. This MIMO antenna module is a shining example of the future, with the potential to completely alter the state of affairs in terms of 5G IoT connectivity in settings such as smart homes, offices, cities, vehicle-to-everything communications, and broadcast satellite service (BSS).

Indexed as

IoTKu-bandMachine learningMillimeter-wave bandMIMOSub-6 GHz bandV2X communication

Identifiers

PMID39747617
PMCPMC11697114

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.