ArticleScientific reports2025
Investigating the inflammatory effect of microplastics in cigarette butts on peripheral blood mononuclear cells.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- The Association of Microplastics in Peripheral Blood and Pulmonary Disease: A Pilot Study.Journal of xenobiotics · 2026Article
- Cigarette filters as a major source of microfibers in aquatic environments.Scientific reports · 2025Article
- The Hidden Threat of Microplastics in Traditional Cigarettes: A Narrative Review of Health and Environmental Risks.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Cigarette filter microplastics are composed of cellulose acetate that does not undergo biological or photo-degradation. These microplastics are readily dispersed and can be found abundantly in water, soil, and air. These fibers possess high absorption capabilities, allowing them to collect and retain pollutants such as toxic elements. As a result, they are regarded as potential dangers to living organisms. The purpose of this study was to analyze the immune response of human peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) when exposed to cigarette filter microfibers, measuring the secretion of the inflammatory cytokines TNFα (tumor necrosis factor-alpha) and IL-6 (interleukin-6). In this study, we examined how used cigarette cellulose acetate microfibers affect the viability of peripheral blood mononuclear cells in an appropriate culture medium at three concentrations: 50, 100, and 200 µg/ml. In addition, this study investigated the release of inflammatory cytokines TNFα and IL6 from PBMCs exposed to 200 µg/ml cigarette filter cellulose acetate. The results showed that increasing the concentration of cellulose acetate fibers of one of the brands in the culture medium has a significant effect on reducing cell viability. The 200 µg/ml in DW is more effective than 50 and 100 µg/ml in reducing cell viability. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells showed an inflammatory immune response when exposed to 200 µg/ml cellulose acetate from cigarette filters. They produced inflammatory cytokines that showed a significant increase compared to the control sample. In general, it can be concluded that cellulose acetate fibers in contact with body cells stimulate them and cause an inflammatory response.
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Registered trials
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