Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39747513›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Machine learning-based technique for gain prediction of mm-wave miniaturized 5G MIMO slotted antenna array with high isolation characteristics.

Md Ashraful Haque, Jamal Hossain Nirob, Kamal Hossain Nahin, Noorlindawaty Md Jizat, M A Zakariya, Redwan A Ananta, Wazie M Abdulkawi, Khaled Aljaloud, Samir Salem Al-Bawri

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 16 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
16citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

16 citing papers in PubMed.

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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Md Ashraful HaqueDepartment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1341, Bangladesh.
Jamal Hossain NirobDepartment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1341, Bangladesh.
Kamal Hossain NahinDepartment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1341, Bangladesh.
Noorlindawaty Md JizatFaculty of Engineering, Multimedia University, 62300, Cyberjaya, Malaysia. noorlindawaty.jizat@mmu.edu.my.
M A ZakariyaDepartment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Universiti Teknologi PETRONAS, 32610, Bandar Seri Iskandar, Perak, Malaysia.
Redwan A AnantaDepartment of Electrical and Electronic Engineering, Daffodil International University, Dhaka, 1341, Bangladesh.
Wazie M AbdulkawiDepartment of Electrical Engineering, College of Engineering in Wadi Addawasir, Prince Sattam Bin Abdulaziz University, 11991, Al-Kharj, Saudi Arabia.
Khaled AljaloudCollege of Engineering, Muzahimiyah Branch, King Saud University, 11451, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia.
Samir Salem Al-BawriSpace Science Centre, Climate Change Institute, Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM), 43600, Bangi, Malaysia. samir@ukm.edu.my.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

This study presents the design and analysis of a compact 28 GHz MIMO antenna for 5G wireless networks, incorporating simulations, measurements, and machine learning (ML) techniques to optimize its performance. With dimensions of 3.19 λ₀ × 3.19 λ₀, the antenna offers a bandwidth of 5.1 GHz, a peak gain of 9.43 dBi, high isolation of 31.37 dB, and an efficiency of 99.6%. Simulations conducted in CST Studio were validated through prototype measurements, showing strong agreement between the measured and simulated results. To further validate the design, an equivalent RLC circuit model was developed and analyzed using ADS, with the reflection coefficient results closely matching those from CST. Additionally, supervised ML techniques were employed to predict the antenna's gain, evaluating nine models using metrics such as R-squared, variance score, mean absolute error, and root mean squared error. Among the models, Random Forest Regression achieved the highest accuracy, delivering approximately 99% reliability in gain prediction. This integration of machine learning with antenna design underscores its potential to optimize performance and enhance design efficiency. With its compact size, high isolation, and exceptional efficiency, the proposed antenna is a promising candidate for 28 GHz 5G applications, offering innovative solutions for next-generation wireless communication.

Indexed as

28 GHz5G technologyMachine learningMIMO antennaMm-waveRLC

Identifiers

PMID39747513
PMCPMC11696730

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.