Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39747505›Full record

ArticleScientific reports2025

Long-term variability of extreme precipitation with WRF model at a complex terrain River Basin.

Yinchi Zhang, Chao Deng, Wanling Xu, Yao Zhuang, Lizhi Jiang, Caiying Jiang, Xiaojun Guan, Jianhui Wei, Miaomiao Ma, Ying Chen and 2 more

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

12 authors.

Yinchi ZhangKey Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China.
Chao DengKey Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China.
Wanling XuSchool of Ocean and Earth Science, Tongji University, Shanghai, 200092, China.
Yao ZhuangFujian Meteorological Observatory, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
Lizhi JiangFujian Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
Caiying JiangNanping meteorological bureau of Fujian Province, Nanping, 353000, China.
Xiaojun GuanFujian Key Laboratory of Severe Weather, Fuzhou, 350001, China.
Jianhui WeiInstitute of Meteorology and Climate Research, Karlsruhe Institute of Technology, 82439, Garmisch- Partenkirchen, Germany.
Miaomiao MaChina Institute of Water Resources and Hydropower Research, Beijing, 100038, China.
Ying ChenKey Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China.
Jian PengDepartment of Remote Sensing, Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research-UFZ, Permoserstrasse 15, 04318, Leipzig, Germany.
Lu GaoKey Laboratory for Humid Subtropical Eco-geographical Processes of the Ministry of Education, Fujian Normal University, Fuzhou, 350117, China. l.gao@foxmail.com.

Funding

Fujian Provincial Funds for Distinguished Young Scientists 2022J06018National Natural Science Foundation of China 42271030Scientific Project of Fujian Provincial Department of Science and Technology 2022Y0007
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Global warming has profound effects on precipitation patterns, leading to more frequent and extreme precipitation events over the world. These changes pose significant challenges to the sustainable development of socio-economic and ecological environments. This study evaluated the performance of the new generation of the mesoscale Weather Research and Forecasting (WRF) model in simulating long-term extreme precipitation events over the Minjiang River Basin (MRB) of China from 1981 to 2020. We calculated 12 extreme precipitation indices from the WRF simulations and compared them with observations. The spatio-temporal variations of extreme precipitation were further analyzed in terms of intensity, frequency, and duration. The results indicated that the WRF model can appropriately reproduce the spatial distribution of extreme precipitation indices with acceptable biases. The performance is significantly better for intensity and frequency indices compared to duration indices. Except for PRCPTOT and R10mm, WRF accurately captures the interannual variations of extreme precipitation. Meanwhile, the results of the pre-whitening Mann-Kendall (PWMK) test suggested that WRF can identify significant increasing trends in extreme precipitation, particularly for R95p, R99p, and R50mm. This study provides valuable insights for extreme precipitation forecasting and warning in other mountainous regions.

Indexed as

Dynamical downscalingExtreme precipitationMinjiang River BasinSpatio-temporal variationsWRF

Identifiers

PMID39747505
PMCPMC11696463

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.