ArticleScientific reports2025
Importance of reference group selection in the evaluation of cancer incidence.
Article in Scientific reports, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
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Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Elevated cancer incidence has been reported among World Trade Center (WTC)-exposed responders, with some incidence rate ratios (IRRs) varying over time. This study describes the influence that different reference populations have on relative cancer incidence and temporal trends. Participants from the WTC Combined Rescue/Recovery Cohort (n = 65,691) were observed between 1/1/2002 and 12/31/2015 using data obtained from 13 state cancer registries. Poisson regression was used to estimate IRRs controlling for age, race/ethnicity, and calendar year. IRRs and change-points were estimated using three reference populations (New York City (NYC), New York State (NYS), and a US population). IRRs for each cancer site varied in magnitude. Prostate and thyroid cancer IRRs were significantly greater in WTC-exposed responders, while colon and lung cancer IRRs were significantly lower compared with NYC, NYS, and US population reference groups. The range of IRRs varied by reference population. Mixed findings were observed for other cancers, as results were dependent on the reference group used. A significant change-point was found only for prostate cancer, and only when compared to a US population. Our findings suggest that reference population selection will influence the IRR, timing, and statistical significance of change-point estimation, varying with follow-up length.
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