Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39746839›Full record

ArticleThe Journal of school health2025

Changes in Youth Mental Health Following a School Lockdown due to Violent and Firearm-Related Threats.

Keith L Hullenaar, Benjamin W Fisher, Douglas F Zatzick, Frederick P Rivara

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in The Journal of school health, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

4 authors.

Keith L HullenaarDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.ORCID 0000-0003-2481-8678
Benjamin W FisherDepartment of Civil Society and Community Studies, University of Wisconsin-Madison, Madison, Wisconsin, USA.
Douglas F ZatzickDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.
Frederick P RivaraDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington, USA.

Funding

Pediatric Injury Research Training ProgramT32HD057822 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI CAROLYN A MC CARTY, Ali Rowhani-Rahbar · 2010 to 2026
$4.0M
Examining the Implementation and Impact of School Resource Officer Policy Reform in the United StatesK99HD112509 · NICHD · UNIVERSITY OF WASHINGTON · PI HULLENAAR, KEITH · 2024 to 2025
$253k
Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development 1K99HD112509Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development 5T32HD057822-13Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development K99/R00Eunice Kennedy Shriver National Institute of Child Health and Human Development T32NICHD NIH HHS K99 HD112509NICHD NIH HHS T32 HD057822
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundSchool shooting events and lockdowns have increased in the United States, raising concerns about their impact on youth mental health.

methodThis study assessed the association between school lockdowns and changes in youth mental health in 10,049 children who participated in the Adolescent Brain and Cognitive Development study. The exposure was school lockdowns related to violence and shooting incidents, and the outcomes were Child Behavior Checklist scores on five mental health disorders.

resultsApproximately 20.3% of children reported ever experiencing a school lockdown with 39.3% of these lockdowns occurring in the past year. Past-year lockdown exposure (versus no lockdown exposure) was associated with increased symptoms of anxiety disorders (β = 0.20, 95% CI: 0.01, 0.38), somatic disorders (β = 0.23, 95% CI: 0.09, 0.38), and stress problems (β = 0.30, 95% CI: 0.05, 0.56). Among children who reported a past-year lockdown, those indicating clinical ranges of ADHD (OR = 2.23, 95% CI: 1.17, 4.25) or stress problems (OR = 2.75, 95% CI: 1.05, 7.25) had higher odds than their counterparts of reporting that the lockdown had a lot/some impact (versus little/no impact). IMPLICATIONS FOR SCHOOL HEALTH POLICY, PRACTICE, AND EQUITY: Emergency preparedness in schools should prioritize mental health support post-lockdowns.

conclusionsResearch and funding are needed to understand the nature, frequency, and consequences of school lockdowns.

Indexed as

FirearmsMental DisordersMental HealthQuarantineSchoolsViolenceAdolescentChildCOVID-19FemaleHumansMaleUnited Statesemergency preparednessschool lockdownsschool safetyviolence preventionyouth mental health

Identifiers

PMID39746839
PMCPMC11750594

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.