Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39746628›Full record

ArticleEnvironmental research2025

Interactive effects of air pollutants and viral exposure on daily influenza hospital visits in Mongolia.

Yihui Ge, Yan Lin, Oyu Tsogtbayar, Ser-Od Khuyagaa, Eelin Khurelbaatar, Jargalsaikhan Galsuren, Lauren Prox, Shiyu Zhang, Robert M Tighe, Gregory C Gray and 5 more

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Environmental research, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Review
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

15 authors.

Yihui GeDuke Nicholas School of the Environment, Durham, NC, 27705, USA.
Yan LinDuke Nicholas School of the Environment, Durham, NC, 27705, USA; Duke Global Health Institute, Durham, NC, 27705, USA.
Oyu TsogtbayarSchool of Public Health, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, 14210, Mongolia.
Ser-Od KhuyagaaSchool of Public Health, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, 14210, Mongolia.
Eelin KhurelbaatarSchool of Public Health, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, 14210, Mongolia.
Jargalsaikhan GalsurenSchool of Public Health, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, 14210, Mongolia.
Lauren ProxDuke Nicholas School of the Environment, Durham, NC, 27705, USA.
Shiyu ZhangDuke Nicholas School of the Environment, Durham, NC, 27705, USA; Duke Global Health Institute, Durham, NC, 27705, USA.
Robert M TigheDepartment of Medicine, Duke University, Durham, NC, 27705, USA.
Gregory C GrayDepartment of Medicine, Division of Infectious Diseases, University of Texas Medical Branch, Galveston, TX, 77555, USA.
Junfeng ZhangDuke Nicholas School of the Environment, Durham, NC, 27705, USA; Duke Global Health Institute, Durham, NC, 27705, USA.
Daramragchaa UlziimaaMongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, 14210, Mongolia.
Damdindorj BoldbaatarMongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, 14210, Mongolia.
Khurelbaatar NyamdavaaMongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, 14210, Mongolia. Electronic address: khurel0212@gmail.com.
Davaalkham DambadarjaaSchool of Public Health, Mongolian National University of Medical Sciences, Ulaanbaatar, 14210, Mongolia. Electronic address: davaalkham@mnums.edu.mn.

Funding

2/2 - Mongolian Center for Environmental & Occupational Health - U.S.U2RTW012239 · FIC · UNIVERSITY OF TEXAS MED BR GALVESTON · PI Gregory Charles Gray · 2022 to 2026
$1.5M
2/1 - Mongolian Center for Environmental & Occupational Health - MongoliaU01TW012229 · FIC · MONGOLIAN NATIONAL UNIV/MEDICAL SCIENCES · PI Davaalkham - Dambadarjaa, Gregory Charles Gray · 2022 to 2026
$1.4M
FIC NIH HHS U01 TW012229FIC NIH HHS U2R TW012239
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAir pollution is a well-documented public health hazard linked to various adverse health outcomes. While studies have shown associations between elevated levels of air pollutants and increased influenza incidence, there is a notable knowledge gap concerning the interactive effects of air pollution and viral exposure on respiratory viral infections.

objectivesThis study sought to examine the interactive effects of air pollution and viral exposure on influenza hospital visits in Ulaanbaatar, Mongolia.

methodsWe conducted a time-series analysis linking daily hospital visits for influenza disease (defined as ICD10 diagnosis codes J11) with ambient concentrations of air pollutants (PM

resultsA total of 16,364 influenza hospital visits were recorded, with significantly higher rates of visits during the winter season. All six pollutants amplified the effects of viral exposure on hospital visits in cold months, while only PM

conclusionsAir pollution significantly amplified the adverse effects of viral exposure on influenza-hospital visits, particularly among young children and during high viral exposure periods. These findings underscore the need for employing protective measures against both air pollution and viral infections.

Indexed as

Air PollutantsEnvironmental ExposureHospitalizationInfluenza, HumanAdolescentAdultAgedChildChild, PreschoolFemaleHumansInfantInfant, NewbornMaleMiddle AgedMongoliaAir PollutantsParticulate MatterAir pollutionInfluenzaInteraction effects

Identifiers

PMID39746628
PMCPMC11839336

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.