Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39746588›Full record

ReviewInternational journal of pharmaceutics2025

An updated overview on long-acting therapeutics for the prevention and treatment of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) from a perspective of pharmaceutics.

Linh Dinh, Jason T Blackard, Jaime Robertson, Abby Atreya, Shaina Horner, Jennifer L Brown, Luis A Gomez, Stephen Beegle, Lanesa Mahon, William Eades and 7 more

Abstract readReview
In one paragraph

Review in International journal of pharmaceutics, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

17 authors.

Linh DinhDivision of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA. Electronic address: dinhlk@ucmail.uc.edu.
Jason T BlackardDivision of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA; Center for Addiction Research, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45219, USA.
Jaime RobertsonDivision of Infectious Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45267, USA.
Abby AtreyaDivision of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
Shaina HornerDivision of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
Jennifer L BrownDepartment of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
Luis A GomezDepartment of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
Stephen BeegleDepartment of Psychological Sciences, Purdue University, West Lafayette, IN 47907, USA.
Lanesa MahonDivision of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
William EadesDivision of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
Shayan AbdolmohammadpourbonabDivision of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
William LiuDivision of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
Heidi L MeedsDivision of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA.
Kevin FeddersDivision of Digestive Diseases, Department of Internal Medicine, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229 USA.
T Dylanne TwittyDepartment of Psychology, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45221, USA.
Jeffrey A WelgeDepartment of Psychiatry and Behavioral Neuroscience, University of Cincinnati College of Medicine, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA.
Bingfang YanDivision of Pharmaceutical Sciences, James L. Winkle College of Pharmacy, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH 45229, USA. Electronic address: yanbg@uc.edu.

Funding

Therapeutic and mechanistic significance of altered metabolism of HIV medicines by alcohol- or alcohol/synthetic opioid combinationR01AA030486 · NIAAA · UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI · PI JASON T BLACKARD, Jennifer L Brown · 2022 to 2026
$3.5M
Omics analysis of HIV during synthetic opioid exposureR61DA048439 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI · PI BLACKARD, JASON T · 2019 to 2021
$2.1M
Metabolism-based interactions and organ-targeted delivery of molnupiravir, nirmatrelvir and remdesivirR01AI172959 · NIAID · UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI · PI Bingfang Yan · 2023 to 2026
$2.0M
Omics analysis of HIV during synthetic opioid exposureR33DA048439 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI · PI BLACKARD, JASON T · 2022 to 2023
$1.2M
Single cell opioid (fentanyl) responses in the context of HIVR01DA063296 · NIDA · UNIVERSITY OF CINCINNATI · PI JASON T BLACKARD · 2025 to 2026
$1.1M
NIAAA NIH HHS R01 AA030486NIAID NIH HHS R01 AI172959NIDA NIH HHS R01 DA063296NIDA NIH HHS R33 DA048439NIDA NIH HHS R61 DA048439
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Conventional drug formulations release active pharmaceutical ingredients (APIs) immediately after administration, while long-acting (LA) drug products are designed for prolonged therapeutic effects, thereby reducing administration frequency and improving patient compliance. The development of LA therapeutics for chronic disease treatment has significantly helped patients adhere to their regimens, reducing the need for daily doses and easing the burden on healthcare systems. Advances in treatment have transformed Human Immunodeficiency Virus (HIV) into a manageable chronic disease, and efforts are underway to eliminate HIV in the future. Nowadays, antiretroviral therapies (ARTs) are widely available and accessible, daily oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has been highly effective and the new LA ARTs and LA PrEP are being actively pursued. The development of LA antiretrovirals for HIV has revolutionized the landscape of global implementation of HIV prevention and treatment. This article provides an overview of LA medicines (pills, injections, solid implants, and in situ forming depots) for the prevention and treatment of HIV from a pharmaceutics perspective, describing approved medicines, recognizing promising technologies, and discussing the pros and cons of poly (lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA) particles, liposomes, hydrogels, and organogel formulations.

Indexed as

Anti-HIV AgentsHIV InfectionsAnimalsDelayed-Action PreparationsHumansPre-Exposure ProphylaxisAnti-HIV AgentsDelayed-Action PreparationsAntiretroviral therapyHIVLong-acting formulationsPharmaceuticsPre-exposure prophylaxis

Identifiers

PMID39746588
PMCPMC11950981

What OpenQuestion holds

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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.