ArticleDiabetes care2025
The Association Between Cost-Related Insulin Rationing and Health Care Utilization in U.S. Adults With Diabetes.
Article in Diabetes care, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- 6. Glycemic Goals, Hypoglycemia, and Hyperglycemic Crises: Standards of Care in Diabetes-2026.Diabetes care · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
objectiveTo examine the association between insulin rationing and health care utilization. RESEARCH DESIGN AND
methodsCross-sectional study of all 2021 National Health Interview Survey respondents with diabetes using insulin. Logistic regression and zero-inflated negative binomial regression models examined associations between insulin rationing (skipping, delaying, or reducing insulin to save money) and 1) emergency department (ED) visit or hospitalization and 2) number of urgent care visits. All analyses were age-stratified and used survey weights.
resultsAmong 982 respondents representing 7,593,944 U.S. adults (median age 61 years, 47% women), 17% reported rationing. Among adults 18-64 years old, rationing was not significantly associated with health care utilization. Among adults ≥65 years old, rationing was associated with more urgent care visits (relative risk 2.1, 95% CI 1.2-3.6) but not with odds of ED visit or hospitalization (odds ratio 0.7, 95% CI 0.3-1.4).
conclusionsInsulin rationing was not associated with higher health care utilization, but concurrent rationing of health care may mask a relationship.
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Registered trials
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