Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39746031›Full record

ArticlePloS one2025

Predicting noncontact injuries of professional football players using machine learning.

Diogo Nuno Freitas, Sheikh Shanawaz Mostafa, Romualdo Caldeira, Francisco Santos, Eduardo Fermé, Élvio R Gouveia, Fernando Morgado-Dias

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in PloS one, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
8citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
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  4. Review
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Diogo Nuno FreitasInteractive Technologies Institute (ITI/LARSyS), Funchal, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0002-2351-8676
Sheikh Shanawaz MostafaInteractive Technologies Institute (ITI/LARSyS), Funchal, Portugal.ORCID 0000-0002-7677-0971
Romualdo CaldeiraDepartment of Physical Education and Sport, University of Madeira, Funchal, Portugal.
Francisco SantosDepartment of Physical Education and Sport, University of Madeira, Funchal, Portugal.
Eduardo FerméFaculty of Exact Sciences and Engineering, University of Madeira, Funchal, Portugal.
Élvio R GouveiaInteractive Technologies Institute (ITI/LARSyS), Funchal, Portugal.
Fernando Morgado-DiasInteractive Technologies Institute (ITI/LARSyS), Funchal, Portugal.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Noncontact injuries are prevalent among professional football players. Yet, most research on this topic is retrospective, focusing solely on statistical correlations between Global Positioning System (GPS) metrics and injury occurrence, overlooking the multifactorial nature of injuries. This study introduces an automated injury identification and prediction approach using machine learning, leveraging GPS data and player-specific parameters. A sample of 34 male professional players from a Portuguese first-division team was analyzed, combining GPS data from Catapult receivers with descriptive variables for machine learning models-Support Vector Machines (SVMs), Feedforward Neural Networks (FNNs), and Adaptive Boosting (AdaBoost)-to predict injuries. These models, particularly the SVMs with cost-sensitive learning, showed high accuracy in detecting injury events, achieving a sensitivity of 71.43%, specificity of 74.19%, and overall accuracy of 74.22%. Key predictive factors included the player's position, session type, player load, velocity and acceleration. The developed models are notable for their balanced sensitivity and specificity, efficiency without extensive manual data collection, and capability to predict injuries for short time frames. These advancements will aid coaching staff in identifying high-risk players, optimizing team performance, and reducing rehabilitation costs.

Indexed as

Machine LearningSoccerSupport Vector MachineAdultAthletic InjuriesGeographic Information SystemsHumansMaleNeural Networks, ComputerRetrospective StudiesYoung Adult

Identifiers

PMID39746031
PMCPMC11694968

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
LicenceCC BY
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.