ArticleJournal of the National Cancer Institute2025
Timing of depression in relation to risk of ovarian cancer.
Article in Journal of the National Cancer Institute, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
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Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- A Multistate Survival Model to Identify Risk Factors for Lethal Ovarian Cancer.Cancer epidemiology, biomarkers & prevention : a publication of the American Association for Cancer Research, cosponsored by the American Society of Preventive Oncology · 2026Article
- RE: Timing of depression in relation to risk of ovarian cancer.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2025Article
- Response to Lehrer.Journal of the National Cancer Institute · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
5 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSeveral studies have suggested that depression may be associated with increased risk of ovarian cancer. Less is known about whether timing matters regarding when depression occurs. To provide evidence for an etiologically relevant exposure period, we examined depression occurring during the time in which precursor lesions develop and progress to invasive carcinoma with the risk of developing ovarian cancer.
methodsUsing data from 2 prospective cohorts (1992-2015), we divided follow-up into consecutive 2-year periods for analytic purposes, referred to as "cancer ascertainment periods." We estimated associations of depression in the 10 years before each cancer ascertainment period with incident cancer, using Cox proportional hazards models. Next, we estimated associations of depression occurring up to 18 years before each ascertainment period, in 2-year increments, with incident cancer. We adjusted for demographic, health, and behavioral factors. All tests of statistical significance were two-sided, with a P-value threshold of less than .05.
resultsDepression occurring in the 10 prior years was associated with 30% greater risk of cancer (hazard ratio [HR] = 1.30, 95% confidence interval = 1.15 to 1.46). Associations were similar in fully adjusted models (HR = 1.27). Depression occurring in the 14 years before ascertainment was associated with elevated risk, although only estimates for depression 0-2, 6-8, and 8-10 years before ascertainment reached statistical significance (HR range = 1.20-1.36).
conclusionDepression occurring up to 14 years before cancer ascertainment was associated with greater cancer risk. This is the time of precursor progression to invasive ovarian carcinoma, suggesting depression may be an ovarian cancer-promoting agent.
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