Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39745600›Full record

SynthesisEndocrine2025

Nongenetic risk factors for thyroid cancer: an umbrella review of evidence.

Ge Peng, Xiaohui Pan, Ziwei Ye, Xianyanling Yi, Qingxing Xie, Xinyi Zhang, Nanwei Tong

Abstract readSystematic Review
PubMed Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in Endocrine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed, 1 pooled it
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.

  1. Pooled it
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Ge Peng *Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory of Diabetes and Metabolism Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Xiaohui Pan *Division of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory of Diabetes and Metabolism Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Ziwei YeDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory of Diabetes and Metabolism Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Xianyanling YiInstitute of Urology, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Qingxing XieDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory of Diabetes and Metabolism Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Xinyi ZhangDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory of Diabetes and Metabolism Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China.
Nanwei TongDivision of Endocrinology and Metabolism, Laboratory of Diabetes and Metabolism Research, West China Hospital, Sichuan University, Chengdu, China. tongnw@scu.edu.cn.

Funding

1.3.5 project for disciplines of excellence, West China Hospital, Sichuan University No. ZYGD 18017
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundThe incidence of thyroid cancer has increased annually, but the risk factors for thyroid cancer are still unclear. In this umbrella review, we aimed to identify associations between nongenetic risk factors and thyroid cancer incidence, and assess the quality and validity of the evidence.

methodsPubMed, Embase and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews were searched to identify related meta-analyses or systematic reviews of epidemiological studies. We extracted the estimated summary effect and 95% confidence interval (CI) through fixed or random effects models of each meta-analysis. AMSTAR2 and the Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluation (GRADE) were used to evaluate the methodological quality of the included meta-analyses and the quality of evidence respectively. Further subgroup analyses by sex and sensitivity analyses were conducted.

resultsWe identified 53 articles with 112 associations, of which 69 had significant relationships with thyroid cancer risk, including factors related to iodine, nitrates, fish, vitamin D, tea, alcohol, smoke, body mass index (BMI), pesticides, X-ray, I

conclusionWe found that several modifiable factors have essential effects in the primary prevention of thyroid cancer, but few high-quality studies exist. In the future, more well-conducted, especially prospective, studies are needed to confirm the results.

trial registrationThe protocol for this review was registered in PROSPERO (CRD42022352841).

Indexed as

Thyroid NeoplasmsFemaleHumansRisk FactorsIodineObesityRisk factorsThyroid cancerUmbrella review

Identifiers

PMID39745600

What OpenQuestion holds

Textmetadata
Read underepoch 390

Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.