ArticleWomen's health (London, England)
Unlocking breast cancer in Brazilian public health system: Using tissue microarray for accurate immunohistochemical evaluation with limitations in subtyping.
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Abstract
backgroundBreast cancer (BC) is a significant burden on healthcare systems, especially in low- and middle-income countries where access to diagnosis and treatment is challenging.
objectivesThe purpose of this study was to assess the diagnostic accuracy and cost using tissue microarray (TMA) instead of traditional immunohistochemical (IHC) evaluation for estrogen receptor (ER), progesterone receptor (PR), human epidermal growth factor 2 (HER2), and the proliferation marker Ki-67 and BC subtyping within the Brazilian public health system.
designThis is a retrospective cohort study comparing TMA slides with traditional whole-slide evaluation for IHC markers in 242 BC cases.
methodsWe used formalin-fixed tissue blocks for TMA assembly. Clinical data and IHC scores for ER, PR, HER2, and Ki-67 were obtained from pathology reports. Cohen's kappa (
resultsBC samples were distributed in 10 TMAs and 968 cores were scored (242 BC cases × 4 markers). In 97% of these, TMA reached high quality to adequate IHC scoring with minimal technical issues. Inter-examiner agreement was almost perfect for all markers (ranging from 0.85 for HER2 to 0.91 for ER,
conclusionTMA offers accurate and lower-cost results in the individualized IHC assessment of BC markers. However, we do not recommend the use of TMA in the subtyping of BC, where analysis of the whole section remains necessary for more accurate results. We advocate more studies using the TMA approach in the Brazilian public health system to advance women's health care.
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