ArticleWomen's health (London, England)
Physical violence and its associations: Insights from nationally representative data in India.
Article in Women's health (London, England). The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Gender budgeting in the post-pandemic period: an analysis in the context of health and safety of women in India.Frontiers in public health · 2025Article
- Assessment of Psychiatric Morbidity and Its Association with Marital Satisfaction and Quality of Life in Spouses of Patients with Alcohol Use Disorders.International journal of applied & basic medical researchArticle
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Abstract
backgroundEmpowerment is vital for individuals' control over their lives but is often constrained for women in India due to deep-rooted patriarchal norms. This affects health, and resource distribution, and increases domestic violence. Domestic violence including physical, sexual, emotional, economic, and psychological abuse is a significant human rights and public health issue. Understanding the link between women's empowerment and attitudes toward physical violence is essential for addressing this problem.
objectivesTo explore the relationship between various aspects of women's empowerment and their attitudes toward the justification of physical violence in specific circumstances. The study aimed to provide insights into how empowerment can serve as a protective factor against domestic violence.
designA cross-sectional study was conducted using the data from the National Family Health Survey-5 (NFHS-5), collected from 2019 to 2021. The study was carried out between July 2023 and March 2024.
methodsData from NFHS-5, focusing on women aged 15-49 who completed the domestic violence module, were analyzed. Women's empowerment was measured through employment, asset ownership, and decision-making autonomy. The study assessed 8 indicators of employment, 12 of asset ownership, 9 of decision-making, 5 justifying physical violence, and 11 indicators of physical abuse. Frequencies, percentages, Fischer's exact test, and logistic regression were used, with significance set at
resultsOf 4562 women, 23 (0.7%) were employed, 3397 (74.5%) owned mobile phones, and 744 (21.9%) used them for transactions. Joint financial decisions were made by 2692 (75.2%) couples. Restrictions on meeting friends were reported by 376 (10.1%), and 431 (11.6%) had trust issues with partners. Physical violence was justified by 934 (20.5%) for neglecting children, and 3365 (90.4%) experienced partner violence. Land ownership was reported by 383 (8.4%) women. Empowered women were less likely to justify or experience violence, with mobile phone use and decision-making autonomy linked to reduced violence.
conclusionWomen's empowerment through employment, asset ownership, and decision-making is associated with reduced justification and prevalence of physical violence. Despite progress, entrenched societal norms persist. Interventions should focus on economic and social empowerment, addressing cultural attitudes and promoting gender equality.
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