ReviewFrontiers in immunology2024
Immune dysregulation as a driver of bronchiolitis obliterans.
Review in Frontiers in immunology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
6 citing papers in PubMed.
- Narrative Review of the Pathophysiology of Post-Infectious Bronchiolitis Obliterans.Biomolecules · 2026Review
- Pathogenesis and Risk Factors of Post-Infectious Bronchiolitis Obliterans in Children: A Focus on Adenovirus and Mycoplasma Infections.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Article
- Regulation of immune checkpoints by electronic cigarette.Frontiers in oncology · 2026Review
- Determinants of Asthma Control in Jordanian Children: The Role of Comorbidities and FeNO Levels.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Immunoglobulin levels of children with bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome after hematopoietic cell transplantation.Frontiers in medicine · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Bronchiolitis obliterans (BO) is a disease characterized by airway obstruction and fibrosis that can occur in all age groups. Bronchiolitis obliterans syndrome (BOS) is a clinical manifestation of BO in patients who have undergone lung transplantation or hematopoietic stem cell transplantation. Persistent inflammation and fibrosis of small airways make the disease irreversible, eventually leading to lung failure. The pathogenesis of BO is not entirely clear, but immune disorders are commonly involved, with various immune cells playing complex roles in different BO subtypes. Accordingly, the US Food and Drug Administration (FDA) has recently approved several new drugs that can alleviate chronic graft-versus-host disease (cGVHD) by regulating the function of immune cells, some of which have efficacy specifically with cGVHD-BOS. In this review, we will discuss the roles of different immune cells in BO/BOS, and introduce the latest drugs targeting various immune cells as the main target. This study emphasizes that immune dysfunction is an important driving factor in its pathophysiology. A better understanding of the role of the immune system in BO will enable the development of targeted immunotherapies to effectively delay or even reverse this condition.
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Registered trials
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