ReviewBiomarker research2024
Tumor microenvironment and immunotherapy for triple-negative breast cancer.
Review in Biomarker research, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 48 papers, 4 of them syntheses that pooled it.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
48 citing papers in PubMed, 4 syntheses or guidelines pooled it.
- From tumor microenvironment orchestrators to actionable targets: a systematic review of TAM-targeted therapies in triple-negative breast cancer.International journal of clinical oncology · 2026Pooled it
- Modulation of tumor-associated lymphangiogenesis by combination immunotherapy approaches in triple-negative breast cancer: a systematic review.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Efficacy, safety, and PD-L1-defined outcomes of neoadjuvant immune checkpoint inhibitors in early-stage triple-negative breast cancer: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Pooled it
- Sacituzumab govitecan as a therapeutic breakthrough in the treatment of triple-negative breast cancer: a systematic review of clinical trials.Frontiers in immunology · 2025Pooled it
- Programmable Organic APharmaceutics · 2026Article
- Tumor Microenvironment-Responsive Polymeric Nanocarriers for the Treatment of Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- RIBOTAC-mediated degradation of hsa-microRNA-301a-3p suppresses TNBC bone metastasis.Science advances · 2026Article
- Single-cell RNA sequencing reveals immune microenvironment heterogeneity in BRCA1-mutated and sporadic triple-negative breast cancer.Translational oncology · 2026Article
- Overcoming Resistance in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: A Translational Perspective on Next-Generation DNA Damage Response Inhibitors and Synthetic Lethality.Molecules (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Review
- Anthraquinone-Loaded Liposomes for TAM Reprogramming in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer: Mechanistic Rationale, Delivery Logic, and Translational Challenges.Pharmaceutics · 2026Review
- Advancements in Immune Checkpoint-Based Immunotherapy for Triple-Negative Breast Cancer.Current issues in molecular biology · 2026Review
- ZNF831 suppresses triple-negative breast cancer progression through NLRP3-associated pyroptotic signaling and M1-like macrophage phenotypic remodeling.Breast cancer research : BCR · 2026Article
- Breast cancer immunotherapy: mechanisms of immune evasion, biomarkers, and emerging therapeutic strategies.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Multiscale modeling reveals synergy between CCL19 and PD-1 blockade in reshaping the TNBC microenvironment.NPJ systems biology and applications · 2026Article
- Targeted biologics for TNBC: Advances in nanobodies, antibodies, peptides, and aptamers.Molecular therapy. Oncology · 2026Review
- Review
- Migrasome and cancer - from cellular to clinical perspectives.Biomarker research · 2026Review
- The puppet master in the breast cancer "microecological community": spatial and metabolic regulation of macrophage heterogeneity.Molecular cancer · 2026Review
- Microglia Mitochondrial Metabolism in Neurological Diseases.Molecular neurobiology · 2026Review
- Latest advances in nanodrug delivery systems for modulating the immune microenvironment in triple-negative breast cancer.Frontiers in immunology · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) is a subtype of breast cancer known for its high aggressiveness and poor prognosis. Conventional treatment of TNBC is challenging due to its heterogeneity and lack of clear targets. Recent advancements in immunotherapy have shown promise in treating TNBC, with immune checkpoint therapy playing a significant role in comprehensive treatment plans. The tumor microenvironment (TME), comprising immune cells, stromal cells, and various cytokines, plays a crucial role in TNBC progression and response to immunotherapy. The high presence of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes and immune checkpoint proteins in TNBC indicates the potential of immunotherapeutic strategies. However, the complexity of the TME, while offering therapeutic targets, requires further exploration of its multiple roles in immunotherapy. In this review, we discuss the interaction mechanism between TME and TNBC immunotherapy based on the characteristics and composition of TME, and elaborate on and analyze the effect of TME on immunotherapy, the potential of TME as an immune target, and the ability of TME as a biomarker. Understanding these dynamics will offer new insights for enhancing therapeutic approaches and investigating stratification and prognostic markers for TNBC patients.
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What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.