Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39741125›Full record

ArticleLight, science & applications2025

Near-infrared germanium PIN-photodiodes with >1A/W responsivity.

Hanchen Liu, Toni P Pasanen, Tsun Hang Fung, Joonas Isometsä, Antti Haarahiltunen, Steven Hesse, Lutz Werner, Ville Vähänissi, Hele Savin

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Light, science & applications, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 6 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
6citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

6 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Review
  2. Ultraviolet Photodetectors Based on 4H-SiC With Honeycomb-Like Light-Trapping Structures.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
    Article
  3. Article
  4. Article
  5. Article
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

9 authors.

Hanchen LiuAalto University, Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Espoo, Finland.
Toni P PasanenAalto University, Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Espoo, Finland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-1218-7303
Tsun Hang FungAalto University, Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Espoo, Finland.
Joonas IsometsäAalto University, Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Espoo, Finland.
Antti HaarahiltunenElFys, Inc., Espoo, Finland.
Steven HessePhysikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Berlin, Germany.
Lutz WernerPhysikalisch-Technische Bundesanstalt, Berlin, Germany.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0001-6925-0997
Ville VähänissiAalto University, Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Espoo, Finland.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0002-2681-5609
Hele SavinAalto University, Department of Electronics and Nanoengineering, Espoo, Finland. hele.savin@aalto.fi.ORCID http://orcid.org/0000-0003-3946-7727

Funding

Academy of Finland (Suomen Akatemia) 346529, 331313EC | Horizon 2020 Framework Programme (EU Framework Programme for Research and Innovation H2020) 101004462
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Even though efficient near-infrared (NIR) detection is critical for numerous applications, state-of-the-art NIR detectors either suffer from limited capability of detecting incoming photons, i.e., have poor spectral responsivity, or are made of expensive group III-V non-CMOS compatible materials. Here we present a nanoengineered PIN-photodiode made of CMOS-compatible germanium (Ge) that achieves a verified external quantum efficiency (EQE) above 90% over a wide wavelength range (1.2-1.6 µm) at zero bias voltage at room temperature. For instance, at 1.55 µm, this corresponds to a responsivity of 1.15 A/W. In addition to the excellent spectral responsivity at NIR, the performance at visible and ultraviolet wavelengths remains high (EQE exceeds even 100% below 300 nm) resulting in an exceptionally wide spectral response range. The high performance is achieved by minimizing optical losses using surface nanostructures and electrical losses using both conformal atomic-layer-deposited aluminum oxide surface passivation and dielectric induced electric field -based carrier collection instead of conventional pn-junction. The dark current density of 76 µA/cm

Identifiers

PMID39741125
PMCPMC11688423

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.