Unveiling Langerhans cell histiocytosis presenting as hidradenitis suppurativa: A case report and systematic review.

introduction and importanceLangerhans cell histiocytosis (LCH) is a rare disorder characterized by the proliferation of abnormal Langerhans cells, often presenting with symptoms that mimic common dermatological conditions such as hidradenitis suppurativa (HS). Accurate diagnosis is essential because LCH can affect multiple organ systems and necessitates distinct therapeutic approaches. CASE PRESENTATION: We report a rare case of a 39-year-old male with a 7-year history of diabetes insipidus (DI), who presented with polyuria, polydipsia, and enlarging purulent lesions in the axilla and groin. MRI revealed a pituitary lesion, and subsequent histopathological examination confirmed LCH. The patient underwent surgical interventions to address recurring cerebrospinal fluid (CSF) leaks and manage the underlying LCH. CLINICAL DISCUSSION: Histopathology confirmed LCH with positive markers for CD1a and S-100 proteins. Post-surgery, the patient's symptoms, including polyuria and polydipsia, resolved without complications. There was no recurrence of CSF leakage or other LCH-related symptoms during follow-up. This case illustrates the diagnostic challenges of LCH when it mimics common conditions such as HS and underscores the importance of a multidisciplinary approach, particularly when standard treatments are ineffective.

conclusionSurgical intervention was pivotal in the resolution of symptoms, highlighting the necessity for timely and accurate diagnosis to improve outcomes in multifocal LCH cases.