ArticlePloS one2024
Land use land cover change as a casual factor for climate variability and trends in the Bilate River Basin, Ethiopia.
Article in PloS one, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
Corrections and comments
- Retraction · 2025-08-12Duplication of/in Article · Euphemisms for Duplication · Investigation by Journal/Publisher · Miscommunication with/by Author · Objections by Author(s) ·
- Retracted
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Land use and land cover (LULC) changes are crucial in influencing regional climate patterns and environmental dynamics. However, the long-term impacts of these changes on climate variability in the Bilate River Basin remain poorly understood. This study examines the spatiotemporal changes in LULC and their influence on climate variability in the Bilate River Basin, Ethiopia, over the period from 1994 to 2024. Utilizing multispectral satellite imagery from Landsat 5, 7, and 8, along with meteorological data from five stations, LULC was classified using the Random Forest algorithm on the Google Earth Engine platform. Climate variability and trends were assessed using the Mann-Kendall trend test, the Standardized Precipitation Index (SPI), and the Standardized Temperature Index (STI). The results reveal a consistent decline in forest cover, with a rapid annual loss of 4,681.2 hectares between 2014 and 2024. Concurrently, agricultural land expanded at an annual rate of approximately 1,141 hectares, while urban areas grew by 24.3 hectares annually in recent years. These LULC changes have contributed to significant climate variability in the region. The upper catchment experienced notable declines in rainfall and warming across all seasons. In the middle catchment, spring rainfall increased, accompanied by moderate summer warming. The lower catchment saw significant increases in spring and autumn rainfall, with no notable temperature trends. These findings highlight the critical impact of LULC changes on the region's climate and emphasize the need for sustainable land management and conservation practices to address deforestation, urbanization, and agricultural expansion.
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Registered trials
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