ArticleOphthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists)2025
Modelling the thermal effects of stimulus airflow from the Dolphin aesthesiometer on a model eye surface.
Article in Ophthalmic & physiological optics : the journal of the British College of Ophthalmic Opticians (Optometrists), 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Emerging Technologies in Corneal Nerve Evaluation for Dry Eye and Ocular Surface Disease: A Review.Journal of clinical medicine · 2026Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
Abstract
purposeTo assess the ability of the Dolphin air-pulse aesthesiometer to present multiple stimuli, which are separated temporally (in sequence) or spatially (simultaneously).
methodsTwo studies were performed to explore the cooling effects induced by double air-puff stimuli generated by a novel aesthesiometer composed of two micro-blower integrated units. The stimuli were delivered sequentially or simultaneously at the same or different spatial locations to an in vitro eye model monitored using thermography. The model eye was based on a 2-cm LED dome light mounted on a circuit board with an 8-V supply producing a baseline 32°C temperature. Single and repeated air-pulse stimuli varying in intensity, duration, inter-stimulus delay and stimulus location were presented to the model. The cooling effect produced was observed using a thermal camera and quantified using image analysis software.
resultsThe instrument can deliver single stimuli, repeated single stimuli with a variable time delay or multiple stimuli either simultaneously or with a time delay between them. The thermal effects of stimuli were evaluated by measuring (relative to pre-stimulus baseline) the local temperature change and the diameter of the model eye surface region with ≥1°C reduction. Repeated stimuli at the same location produced a significantly greater effect than a single stimulus of the same intensity (larger area of cooling after the second stimulus compared to the first [|M|{SE} = 1.48 mm {0.06}, p < 0.001]). Spatially separated stimuli produced separate cooling zones, with the amount of cooling relative to stimulus intensity (rm-ANOVA, F
conclusionsThe combined use of two micro-blower units allows increased options for modification of stimulus intensity and timing of delivery that enables the production of alternative stimulus presentations and intensity compared to a single stimulus. This adaptability may enable future in vivo study of corneal sensory nerve summation.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.