ArticleEuropean journal of neurology2025
Education moderates the association between motor involvement and executive status in ALS.
Article in European journal of neurology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Education moderates the association between motor involvement and executive status in ALS.European journal of neurology · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
23 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundThis study aimed to determine whether educational attainment-a common proxy of cognitive reserve (CR)-influences the association between motor and cognitive/behavioural outcomes in a large cohort of ALS patients without dementia.
methodsN = 726 ALS patients without FTD were assessed for motor (ALSFRS-R), cognitive (Edinburgh Cognitive and Behavioural ALS Screen, ECAS) and behavioural outcomes (ECAS-Carer Interview, ECAS-CI). CR was operationalized via educational attainment (in years). Moderation models were run on each subscale of the cognitive section of the ECAS and on the ECAS-CI by addressing ALSFRS-R as the predictor and education as the moderator.
resultsEducation was associated with both the ALSFRS-R and all the cognitive subscales of the ECAS, while not with the ECAS-CI. As to moderation models, a significant Education*ALSFRS-R interaction was detected solely with regard to the ECAS-Executive-with its simple slope-based decomposition revealing that higher ALSFRS-R scores were associated with higher scores on the ECAS-Executive for patients with low (p < 0.001) and average (p = 0.007), while not high, levels of education. DISCUSSION: Education seems to moderate the association between motor involvement and executive status in ALS patients without dementia, thus possibly exerting a protective role towards both motor function and cognition in this population.
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