ArticleAnnals of clinical and translational neurology2025
Inflammatory disease in people with multiple sclerosis treated with immune checkpoint inhibitors.
Article in Annals of clinical and translational neurology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 3 papers.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
3 citing papers in PubMed.
- cGAS-STING pathway modulation: A new hope for neural regeneration.Neural regeneration research · 2026Article
- Combining Pembrolizumab and Ofatumumab in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer and Multiple Sclerosis: A Case Report.Surgical case reports · 2026Article
- Immune-Related Adverse Events of Checkpoint Inhibitors and Human Leukocyte Antigen System: A Review.ImmunoTargets and therapy · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
9 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
This study evaluated disease activity in people with Multiple Sclerosis (PwMS) who received immune checkpoint inhibitors (ICIs) compared to PwMS not treated with ICIs. There were 108 PwMS included (27 PwMS+ICIs and 81 PwMS controls), matched on age, sex, disease duration, DMTs, and MS disease course. Of 27 PwMS+ICIs, one (4%) had a relapse and four (15%) developed new MRI lesions without clinical symptoms. Time to relapse and MRI activity were compared using Kaplan-Meier curves and Cox regression models. There was no significant difference for either time to relapse (p = 0.34) or MRI activity (p = 0.15) in PwMS+ICIs compared to controls.
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Registered trials
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