Optimization of Green Synthesis Formulation of Selenium Nanoparticles (SeNPs) Using Peach Tree Leaf Extract and Investigating its Properties and Stability.

Background: Selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) are highly sought after in diverse industries for their distinct properties and advantages. SeNPs can be synthesized via several methods, including the use of microwave, bain-marie, autoclave, and heater. Objective: The objective is to optimize the SeNP synthesis formulation, emphasizing stability, concentration, particle size minimization, and uniformity using central composite design. Materials and methods: The method involves autoclave heating at 121 °C under 1.5 bar pressure for 15 minutes. Prunus persica tree leaf extract and Aloe Vera gel serve as a regenerating agent and stabilizer, respectively. Four responses including SeNPs concentration, average particle size, zeta potential, and dispersion index (PDI), were assessed according to the experimental design. The optimal synthesis point was determined and evaluated for SeNP imaging, antioxidant, and antifungal properties. Results: Results indicate that the optimal SeNPs formulation includes 5.73 mL of Prunus persica tree leaf extract, 13.45 mL of sodium selenite salt solution, and 0.80 mL of Aloe Vera gel. Conclusion: The optimal formulation of selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) achieved in this study, using Prunus persica tree leaf extract as a reducing agent and Aloe Vera gel as a stabilizer, demonstrates superior properties including high stability, a small average particle size, and a favorable zeta potential. These characteristics make the SeNPs well-suited for applications requiring enhanced antioxidant and antifungal activities. The findings underscore the importance of optimizing synthesis parameters to maximize the functional properties of SeNPs.