ArticleBMC musculoskeletal disorders2024
Analysis of risk factors for surgical site infection in spinal surgery patients and study of direct economic losses.
Article in BMC musculoskeletal disorders, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- RCT-based meta-analysis of povidone-iodine irrigation in spinal surgery: clarifying efficacy and safety.European spine journal : official publication of the European Spine Society, the European Spinal Deformity Society, and the European Section of the Cervical Spine Research Society · 2025Pooled it
- Association between smoking and surgical site infection after spinal fusion surgery: a systematic review and meta-analysis.Irish journal of medical science · 2026Article
- Article
- Effect of Cyanoacrylate Microbial Sealant on Intraoperative Bacterial Contamination in Spine Surgery: A Prospective Consecutive Study.Spine surgery and related research · 2026Article
- Infective Spondylitis in Adults: A Journey Through Diagnosis, Management, and Future Directions.Antibiotics (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Surgical site infection rate in spine surgery, incidence, and risk factors: a ten-year retrospective cohort review in a developing neurosurgical centre.BMC surgery · 2025Article
- Viral-Induced Erythema Multiforme Complicated by Secondary Bacterial Infection with Hyperpyrexia Following Cervical Spine Surgery: A Rare Case of Dual Infection.Infection and drug resistance · 2025Article
- Surgical site infections and the discharge care of surgical drains following spinal fusions: a qualitative inquiry.Antimicrobial stewardship & healthcare epidemiology : ASHE · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundSurgical site infection (SSI) is a serious complication of spine surgery, leading to prolonged hospital stays, re-operations, and economic losses. The aim of the study was to explore the types and quantities of pathogenic bacteria involved, the incidence of SSI, and to identify the independent risk factors and direct economic impact on patients with postoperative SSI in spine surgery.
methodsThe medical records of spine surgery patients from January 2023 to April 2024 at two hospitals in Xinjiang were retrospectively reviewed. Patients with SSIs were included in the case group, and patients without SSIs were matched 1:1 based on hospital, department, age ± 5 years, primary diagnosis, and the specific surgery type. They were then subjected to univariate and multivariate paired logistic regression analyses. The Wilcoxon signed-rank test was used to compare differences in hospitalization costs and duration of stay between the two groups.
resultsA total of 38 individuals, or 0.63% of the 6018 adults who had spinal procedures, experienced SSI. Findings from the univariate analysis demonstrated a statistically significant correlation between SSI (p < 0.05), intraoperative bleeding of 300 ml or more, and the duration of indwelling drain use. Many separate risk variables for SSI were found by multivariate regression analysis: combined underlying diseases (OR 2.634, 95% CI 1.02-6.78), days with an indwelling urinary catheter (OR 1.38, 95% CI 1.01-1.88), and days with an indwelling drain (OR 1.449, 95% CI 1.01-2.07). The most prevalent bacteria identified as causing skin infections were Staphylococcus aureus and Staphylococcus epidermidis. About $1,688.50 in direct economic loss was attributable to SSI in patients undergoing spine surgery.
conclusionsThe presence of combined underlying diseases, extended use of indwelling urinary catheters, and prolonged use of indwelling drains significantly increase the risk of SSI in spine surgery patients.
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