ArticleAmerican journal of preventive medicine2025
Widening Racial Disparities in the U.S. Overdose Epidemic.
Article in American journal of preventive medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 25 papers.
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The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
25 citing papers in PubMed.
- Recent incarceration and minoritized racial status as barriers to the effectiveness of recovery management checkups.Substance abuse treatment, prevention, and policy · 2025Trial
- Fentanyl purity and overdose decline: A reexamination of geographic trends.Science advances · 2026Article
- Racial and Ethnic Inequities in Overall and Drug-Related Arrests in Rhode Island from 2017 to 2025.Journal of urban health : bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine · 2026Article
- Higher prevalence of non-fatal overdose with opioid and stimulant use compared to use of opioids alone.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2026Article
- Opioid overdose mortality among black people receiving a community- & theory-based multilevel opioid overdose intervention in Indianapolis, U.S.A., 2022-2025.Preventive medicine reports · 2026Article
- Fentanyl Purity and Overdose Decline: A Reexamination of Geographic Trends.medRxiv : the preprint server for health sciences · 2026Article
- Over-the-counter naloxone sales and pricing variability in North Carolina following FDA approval.Journal of substance use and addiction treatment · 2026Article
- Geographic Availability and Use of Medications for Opioid Use Disorder Among Medicaid Enrollees.JAMA health forum · 2026Article
- Higher drug overdose mortality among non-hispanic black adults aged 55 and older in the U.S.: Analysis of national death records from CDC's WONDER database (1999-2023).Drug and alcohol dependence reports · 2026Article
- Suicide and Drug Overdose Mortality Among Washington State Workers: A Stratified Analysis by Industry, Occupation, Sex, and Race/Ethnicity, 2014-2023.International journal of environmental research and public health · 2026Article
- Burden of Injection Drug Use-Related Infection Hospitalizations in Tennessee, 2016-2023.Open forum infectious diseases · 2026Article
- ZIP code-level alcohol outlet density and nonfatal overdose among people who inject drugs in 22 US metropolitan statistical areas: a multilevel modeling analysis.Harm reduction journal · 2026Article
- Ethical challenges and opportunities for integrating predictive analytics in community-based overdose prevention.Lancet regional health. Americas · 2026Review
- "With this you're not chained down to something": contrasting experiences of opioid agonist treatment and safer supply program participation among people receiving prescribed safer supply.Harm reduction journal · 2026Article
- Acceptability of and Implementation Supports for Video Directly Observed Treatment to Enhance Methadone Dosing Flexibility in a Multisite Opioid Treatment Program: Qualitative Rapid Needs Assessment Study.JMIR formative research · 2026Article
- The Experiences and Attitudes of Rural Black People who Use Drugs.Journal of racial and ethnic health disparities · 2026Article
- Opioid overdose and cardiovascular disease-related mortality: a retrospective analysis using real-world data from the USA, 1999-2023.Frontiers in cardiovascular medicine · 2026Article
- Maximizing the Public Health Benefits of Opioid Settlements: Policy Recommendations for Equity, Sustainability, and Impact.The Milbank quarterly · 2025Article
- Associations of community socioeconomic factors and opioid use disorder across an urban-to-rural spectrum in Pennsylvania: an electronic health record-based case-control study.Social psychiatry and psychiatric epidemiology · 2025Article
- Examining trends in polydrug overdose deaths across rural Midwest counties in the United States, 2022 through 2024.Drug and alcohol dependence · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
7 authors.
Funding
Abstract
introductionMore Americans died in 2021 from drug overdose than from vehicle accidents and firearms combined. Unlike earlier phases, the current epidemic is marked by its disproportionate impact on communities of color. This report investigates regional and substance-specific variations in racial disparities to generate possible insights into the various forces shaping these trends.
methodsThis report used data from 1999 to 2022 on opioid-related overdose deaths from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention's Wide-Ranging Online Data for Epidemiologic Research database. Racial disparities at the national, state, and substance levels were compared to describe heterogeneities in disparities trends. Data were analyzed in 2024.
resultsOverall age-adjusted overdose mortality in the U.S. increased from 6.2 to 32.7 deaths per 100,000 between 1999 and 2022. In this same time period, mortality has increased most rapidly in Black, Native, and Hispanic/Latino Americans at 249.3%, 166.3%, and 171.8%, respectively. Disparities with White populations vary regionally. The upper Midwest (i.e., Minnesota, Wisconsin) and Washington state rank highest in excessive Native overdose death; the upper Midwest and Washington, DC rank highest as Black overdose deaths. In terms of substances, deaths from polyuse of methamphetamines and opioids have been highest among Native Americans over time, whereas deaths from cocaine and opioids disproportionately impact Black Americans.
conclusionsThe opioid epidemic continues to expand, with particularly rapid acceleration in racially minoritized communities. The growing role of stimulants in opioid overdose deaths is a racialized phenomenon disproportionately impacting Black and Native Americans. Wide variation in state-level disparities suggest that structural racism impacts health in regionally specific ways, highlighting the need for regional solutions.
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