ArticleClinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America2025
HIV-1 Viremia and Cancer Risk in 2.8 Million People: The South African HIV Cancer Match Study.
Article in Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- Association of Immunodeficiency and HIV Viremia With Cervical Precancer and Cancer Risk Among Women With HIV in South Africa.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026Article
- Circulating Biomarker Panorama in HIV-Associated Lymphoma: A Bridge from Early Risk Warning to Prognostic Stratification.Biomolecules · 2025Review
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
8 authors.
Funding
Abstract
backgroundMost research on human immunodeficiency virus-1 (HIV-1) viremia and cancer risk is from high-income countries. We evaluated the association between HIV-1 viremia and the risk of various cancer types among people with HIV (PWH) in South Africa.
methodsWe analyzed data from the South African HIV Cancer Match study, based on laboratory measurements from the National Health Laboratory Service and cancer records from the National Cancer Registry from 2004 to 2014. Using Cox proportional hazards models, we estimated hazard ratios (HR) for cancer incidence per unit increase in time-updated Log10 HIV-1 RNA viral load copies/mL. We created partially adjusted (sex, age, calendar year) and fully adjusted models (additionally including time-updated CD4 count).
resultsWe included 2 770 200 PWH with 10 175 incident cancers; most common were cervical cancer (N = 2481), Kaposi sarcoma (N = 1902), breast cancer (N = 1063), and non-Hodgkin lymphoma (N = 863). Hazard ratios for the association of HIV-1 viremia and cancer risk changed after partial and full adjustment and were generally attenuated for infection-related cancers but tended to increase for infection-unrelated cancers. In the fully adjusted model, HIV-1 viremia was associated with an increased risk of Kaposi sarcoma (HR per unit increase in Log10 HIV-1 RNA viral load: 1.38; 95% confidence interval [CI], 1.35-1.42), leukemia (HR: 1.28; 95% CI, 1.13-1.45), non-Hodgkin lymphoma (HR: 1.24; 95% CI, 1.19-1.29), conjunctival cancer (HR: 1.19; 95% CI, 1.11-1.25), and colorectal cancer (HR: 1.11; 95% CI, 1.02-1.21). Associations with other cancer types were weaker or absent.
conclusionsOur findings underline the importance of sustained viral suppression for cancer prevention among PWH in South Africa.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.