ArticleCureus2024
Clinical and Dermoscopic Evaluation of Periorbital Melanosis and Its Psychological Impact and Effect on Quality of Life: A Descriptive Study.
Article in Cureus, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It has been retracted, and should not be counted. Cited by 1 paper.
What it found
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- Impact of nicotine-free and nicotine-rich flavored electronic cigarette refill liquids on primary human melanocyte function.Toxicology reports · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
- Retraction · 2026-03-30Cites Retracted Work · Computer-Aided Content or Computer-Generated Content · Concerns/Issues about Referencing/Attributions · Investigation by Journal/Publisher · Objections by Author(s) · Unreliable Results and/or Conclusions · · see also: https://www.nature.com/articles/d41586-026-01100-y;
- Retracted
Authors and funding
3 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
introductionPeriorbital melanosis (POM) is a poorly defined condition that is becoming an increasing aesthetic concern. With its multifactorial origin, it necessitates a thorough assessment of targeted multimodal treatments. The psychological impact and underlying pathogenesis have been underexplored, as evidenced by the gap between the roughly 100 indexed articles and the 150 million search engine results on treatments for dark circles. This descriptive study aims to explore the clinical and dermoscopic evaluation of POM and its impact on quality of life.
methodsThis descriptive prospective, tertiary hospital-based study included 250 patients with POM attending the Dermatology Outpatient Department. After obtaining informed consent, patients were subjected to clinical assessment, hematological investigations, and Wood's lamp (by Dermaindia, Chennai, India) examination. The dermatoscopic examination was done using a Dino-Lite video dermatoscope AF4515ZT+WF-20 (AnMo Electronics Corporation, Taipei, Taiwan). Quality of life was measured using the Melasma Quality of Life (MELASQoL) scale, and the psychological impact was assessed using the Perceived Stress Scale (PSS) and Body Dysmorphic Disorder Questionnaire-Dermatology Version (BDDQ-DV).
resultsAmong 250 patients, 179 (71.6%) were female and 71 (28.4%) were male, with a mean age of 30.53±9.29 years and a disease duration of 6.82±5.04 years. Constitutional POM was the most common type observed in 219 (87.6%) patients. Dermoscopy showed blotches in 166 (66.4%), telangiectasia in 211 (84.4%), and exaggerated skin markings in 17 (6.8%), and no atrophic changes were observed. Mean MELASQoL and PSS scores were 25.63±10.52 and 16.64±3.27, respectively; four (1.6%) patients had body dysmorphic disorder.
conclusionPOM has a complex etiology with multiple underlying mechanisms. Thorough clinical assessment enables accurate diagnosis and a targeted treatment approach. Thus, unnecessary medications and procedures can be avoided by first understanding the underlying pathophysiology. Further studies are warranted in the Indian population with POM, as the skin type, demography, and socioeconomic status are diverse. Various proposed classifications are available but do not cater to the Indian skin type; hence, further research is due.
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