Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39734570›Full record

ArticleBioactive materials2025

Enhancing bone regeneration through 3D printed biphasic calcium phosphate scaffolds featuring graded pore sizes.

Yue Wang, Yang Liu, Shangsi Chen, Ming-Fung Francis Siu, Chao Liu, Jiaming Bai, Min Wang

Abstract read
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Article in Bioactive materials, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 20 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
20citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

20 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Smart Bioinks for 4D Bioprinting: Requirements, Design, and Applications.Advanced science (Weinheim, Baden-Wurttemberg, Germany) · 2026
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4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

7 authors.

Yue WangDepartment of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
Yang LiuDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
Shangsi ChenDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.
Ming-Fung Francis SiuDepartment of Building and Real Estate, the Hong Kong Polytechnic University, Hung Hom Kowloon, Hong Kong, China.
Chao LiuDepartment of Biomedical Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
Jiaming BaiDepartment of Mechanical and Energy Engineering, Southern University of Science and Technology, Shenzhen, 518055, China.
Min WangDepartment of Mechanical Engineering, The University of Hong Kong, Pokfulam Road, Hong Kong, China.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

Human long bones exhibit pore size gradients with small pores in the exterior cortical bone and large pores in the interior cancellous bone. However, most current bone tissue engineering (BTE) scaffolds only have homogeneous porous structures that do not resemble the graded architectures of natural bones. Pore-size graded (PSG) scaffolds are attractive for BTE since they can provide biomimicking porous structures that may lead to enhanced bone tissue regeneration. In this study, uniform pore size scaffolds and PSG scaffolds were designed using the gyroid unit of triply periodic minimal surface (TPMS), with small pores (400 μm) in the periphery and large pores (400, 600, 800 or 1000 μm) in the center of BTE scaffolds (designated as 400-400, 400-600, 400-800, and 400-1000 scaffold, respectively). All scaffolds maintained the same porosity of 70 vol%. BTE scaffolds were subsequently fabricated through digital light processing (DLP) 3D printing with the use of biphasic calcium phosphate (BCP). The results showed that DLP 3D printing could produce PSG BCP scaffolds with high fidelity. The PSG BCP scaffolds possessed improved biocompatibility and mass transport properties as compared to uniform pore size BCP scaffolds. In particular, the 400-800 PSG scaffolds promoted osteogenesis

Indexed as

3D printingBone tissue engineeringMass transport propertyMechanical propertyOsteogenesisPore size graded scaffoldVascularization

Identifiers

PMID39734570
PMCPMC11681834

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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.