ArticleParasites & vectors2024
The impact of an integrated intervention program combining drug therapy with water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) education on reinfection with intestinal parasitic infections among the Karen hill tribe in northern Thailand.
Article in Parasites & vectors, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- Beyond Coverage: A Systematic Review and Thematic Analysis of Delivery, Compliance, Equity and Impact in Mass Deworming for Soil-Transmitted Helminths.Acta parasitologica · 2026Pooled it
- Impact and cost-effectiveness of water, sanitation, hygiene, and health education interventions in the control and elimination of soil-transmitted helminthiasis: A scoping review.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Chronic exposure to intestinal parasites and bacterial enteropathogens among children in rural Madagascar: Implications for asymptomatic carriage and co-infections.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- A data-driven approach for mitigation of fecal pathogen infections from unsafe WASH practices.One health (Amsterdam, Netherlands) · 2026Article
- Prevalence, infection intensity, and risk factors of soil-transmitted helminthiasis and intestinal schistosomiasis among schoolchildren in Southern Ethiopia.PLoS neglected tropical diseases · 2026Article
- Resurgence of Intestinal Parasitic Infections in the United Villages Region, Northern Khartoum state: Impact of armed conflict and water supply disruption.Conflict and health · 2025Article
- Integrated Evaluation of Undernutrition, Anaemia, and Intestinal Parasitic Infections in School-Aged Children: A Cross-Sectional Study in Three Regions of Southern Madagascar.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Comparative Analysis of Intestinal Parasitic Infections and Risk Factors Affected by the Pandemic Among Primary Schoolchildren in the Provinces of Manzini and Lubombo, Kingdom of Eswatini: A Follow-Up Study in 2019 and 2022.Journal of tropical medicine · 2025Article
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8 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundIntestinal parasitic infections (IPIs) are a major health problem among the Karen hill tribe in Thailand. This study aimed to evaluate the effect of an integrated intervention program of drug therapy combined with water, sanitation, and hygiene (WASH) education on reinfection with IPIs among the Karen hill tribe in an endemic area of northern Thailand.
methodsA quasi-experimental study was conducted in two Karen villages, involving 691 residents, in Omkoi District, Chiang Mai Province; one village was designated as the intervention group and the other as the control group. Baseline information was collected regarding the infections and participants' knowledge, attitudes, and practices (KAP) related to prevention and control of IPIs. Detection of benzimidazole resistance linked to the beta-tubulin gene mutation in soil-transmitted helminths (STH) was performed using polymerase chain reaction (PCR) amplification and DNA sequencing. Mass drug administration (MDA) with albendazole was applied to both groups. The intervention group received WASH education, whereas the control group did not. Follow-up assessments were conducted at 3 and 6 months.
resultsBaseline data revealed a 36.0% (123/342) prevalence of IPIs in the intervention group and 36.8% (96/261) in the control group. The most common helminth and pathogenic protozoan were Trichuris trichiura and Giardia lamblia, respectively. No non-synonymous mutations in the beta-tubulin gene were found. Post-intervention at 3-month and 6-month follow-ups revealed that the prevalence of IPIs in the intervention group was significantly decreased to 23.6% (P = 0.002) and 23.1% (P = 0.002), and the prevalence of pathogenic IPIs was reduced from 9.4% to 3.9% (P = 0.013) and 2.4% (P = 0.002), respectively. In contrast, no significant changes in the prevalence of IPIs were observed in the control group. The intervention group showed significant improvements in KAP scores, which were significantly higher than those in the control group.
conclusionsMDA alone is not effective for controlling IPIs among the Karen people due to rapid reinfection related to behavioral factors and socioeconomic conditions. We demonstrated for the first time that integration of WASH education increased KAP scores and consequently significantly reduced IPI reinfection among the Karen hill tribe in northern Thailand.
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