ArticleDevelopmental medicine and child neurology2025
Prediction of cerebral palsy and cognitive delay among high-risk children in a developing nation: A successful early detection programme.
Article in Developmental medicine and child neurology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 7 papers.
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Who cites it
7 citing papers in PubMed.
- Validation of neurodevelopmental assessments for early detection of high-risk infants in Zimbabwe: protocol for the Child Development Observation study (ChiDO study).BMJ paediatrics open · 2026Article
- What is the impact of childhood-onset disability research - and what should it be?Developmental medicine and child neurology · 2026Article
- Reliability of the Telehealth Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination at 24 Months: A Prospective Counterbalanced Observational Study.Pediatric neurology · 2026Observational
- Promoting brain health across the lifespan: Socioeconomic burden, global recommendations, and the Spanish national plan.Neuroscience applied · 2026Article
- Early detection of cerebral palsy among a high-risk cohort in Bangladesh.BMJ paediatrics open · 2025Article
- The Pathway Is Clear but the Road Remains Unpaved: A Scoping Review of Implementation of Tools for Early Detection of Cerebral Palsy.Children (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Review
- Prediction of cerebral palsy and cognitive delay among high-risk children in a developing nation: A successful early detection programme.Developmental medicine and child neurology · 2025Article
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9 authors.
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Abstract
aimTo determine the feasibility of combining the Hammersmith Infant Neurological Examination (HINE) and General Movements Assessment (GMA) within a standard follow-up schedule to predict developmental outcomes in infants at risk in low- and middle-income countries (LMICs).
methodA total of 201 Sri Lankan infants (128 male, 73 female) were prospectively assessed with the GMA before 44 weeks (writhing movements) and at 3 to 4 months (fidgeting movements), followed by the HINE at 5 to 6 months. Developmental outcomes were assessed using the Bayley Scales of Infant and Toddler Development, Fourth Edition and clinical assessment after 24 months.
resultsThe sensitivity of predicting cerebral palsy (CP) was lower with a single GMA assessment (writhing 89.5%, fidgeting 94.7%) or HINE (89.5%) compared to all three assessments combined (sensitivity 100%, 95% confidence interval [CI] = 82.4-100.0). The GMA and HINE were less predictive of non-CP-related developmental delays, particularly when single assessments were used (< 65% for all domains) compared to all three assessments combined (motor sensitivity > 86.9%, 95% CI = 66.4-97.2; cognitive sensitivity > 86.7%, 95% CI = 69.3-96.2; social-emotional sensitivity > 83.3%, 95% CI = 65.3-94.4). Specificity was lower for the prediction of CP-related (40.1%) and non-CP-related developmental delays (< 46.0% for all).
interpretationIn an LMIC such as Sri Lanka, with limited access to specialist care and neuroimaging, combining two GMA measures and the HINE identified most infants with CP-related and non-CP-related developmental delay, thereby allowing targeted early intervention therapies.
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