Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39731212›Full record

ArticleAmerican journal of industrial medicine2025

Dermal Exposure to Agrochemicals as Risk Factor for Skin Cancer in Farmers and Ranchers in the US Central States.

Sarah Tucker, Yi Du, Rishad Ahmed, Gleb Haynatzki, Suraj Adhikari, Risto H Rautiainen

Abstract read
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In one paragraph

Article in American journal of industrial medicine, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
1citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

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Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

1 citing paper in PubMed.

  1. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

6 authors.

Sarah TuckerDepartment of Environmental, Agricultural, and Occupational Health, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.ORCID 0009-0000-9845-3320
Yi DuDepartment of Epidemiology, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.
Rishad AhmedDepartment of Health Promotion, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.
Gleb HaynatzkiDepartment of Biostatistics, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.
Suraj AdhikariDepartment of Environmental, Agricultural, and Occupational Health, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.
Risto H RautiainenDepartment of Environmental, Agricultural, and Occupational Health, College of Public Health, University of Nebraska Medical Center, Omaha, Nebraska, USA.ORCID 0000-0001-7295-5277

Funding

NIOSH CDC HHS U54 OH010162This work was supported by the CDC/National Institute for Occupational Safety and Health through the cooperative agreement U54-OH010162 to the Central States Center for Agricultural Safety and Health (CS-CASH).
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundFarm operators are at a high risk of developing skin cancer due to their occupational sun exposure. With the growing incidence of skin cancer, it is also important to evaluate other occupational risk factors. Farm operators confront numerous physical, chemical, and biological hazards in their work environment. This study investigated whether dermal exposures to pesticides/fertilizers, animals/livestock, detergents/disinfectants, and fuels/solvents/paints were associated with the risk of skin cancer in farm and ranch operators.

methodsSurveillance data from the Central States Center for Agricultural Safety and Health (CS-CASH) Farm and Ranch Health and Safety Surveys in 2018 and 2020 were used to explore the risk of skin cancer in farm operators in seven US central states. Farm production variables from the DTN Farm Market database were merged with survey responses. The associations of skin cancer and exposure variables were analyzed using descriptive statistics and regression modeling.

resultsThe prevalence of skin cancer was 10% among 7943 operators. Univariable analyses showed that men had 1.62 times higher odds of skin cancer compared to women. The odds of skin cancer increased significantly with age. Livestock, fed cattle, cow-calf, and beef production increased the odds of skin cancer. Exposure to pesticides/fertilizers and fuels/solvents/paints also increased the odds of skin cancer compared to unexposed operators. In the final multivariable model, the associations of skin exposure to pesticides/fertilizers (odds ratio (OR) = 1.30, 95% CI: 1.08-1.56) and to fuels/solvents/paints (OR = 1.21, 95% CI: 1.01-1.45) remained statistically significant after adjusting for sex, age, and state. Having livestock also increased the odds of skin cancer (OR = 1.18, 95% CI: 1.00-1.38).

conclusionSkin is a critical source of occupational exposures among farm operators. Increased odds of skin cancer in this study emphasizes the need for better protection against exposures to chemicals including pesticides/fertilizers, and fuels/solvents/paints.

Indexed as

Agricultural Workers' DiseasesAgrochemicalsFarmersOccupational ExposureSkin NeoplasmsAdultAgedAgricultureAnimalsFemaleFertilizersHumansMaleMiddle AgedPesticidesPrevalenceAgrochemicalsFertilizersPesticidesagriculturefarmerrancherskin cancerskin exposures

Identifiers

PMID39731212
PMCPMC11834943

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LicenceCC BY-NC-ND
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.