Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39731032›Full record

SynthesisBMC pediatrics2024

Onset and predictors of first-line antiretroviral therapy treatment failure among children in Ethiopia: a systematic review and meta-analysis.

Molla Yigzaw Birhanu, Getamesay Molla Bekele, Bekalu Endalew, Simegn Alemu, Cheru Tesema Lashargie, Dereje Ayalew Birhanu, Assefa Mulualem, Selamawit Shita Jemberie

Abstract readSystematic ReviewMeta-Analysis
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Synthesis in BMC pediatrics, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Predictors of Treatment Failure in Children With HIV Starting First-line Antiretroviral Therapy in the ODYSSEY Trial.Clinical infectious diseases : an official publication of the Infectious Diseases Society of America · 2026
    Trial
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

8 authors.

Molla Yigzaw BirhanuDepartment of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, P.O.Box 269, Debre Markos, Ethiopia. molla_yigzaw@dmu.edu.et.
Getamesay Molla BekeleDepartment of Gynecology and Obstetrics, School of Medicine, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia.
Bekalu EndalewDepartment of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, P.O.Box 269, Debre Markos, Ethiopia.
Simegn AlemuDepartment of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, P.O.Box 269, Debre Markos, Ethiopia.
Cheru Tesema LashargieDepartment of Public Health, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, P.O.Box 269, Debre Markos, Ethiopia.
Dereje Ayalew BirhanuDepartment of Public Health, College of GAMBY Medical and Business, Addis Ababa, Ethiopia.
Assefa MulualemDepartment of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia.
Selamawit Shita JemberieDepartment of Midwifery, College of Health Sciences, Debre Markos University, Debre Markos, Ethiopia.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

introductionThe emergence of First-line Antiretroviral Therapy (ART) regimens fails; it necessitates the use of more costly and less tolerable second-line medications. Therefore, it is crucial to identify and address factors that increase the likelihood of first-line ART regimen failure in children. Although numerous primary studies have examined the incidence of first-line ART failure among HIV-infected children in Ethiopia, national-level data on the onset and predictors remain inconsistent. Hence, this study was conducted to fill the gaps in determining the onset of first-line ART failure and its predictors among HIV-infected children in Ethiopia.

methodsArticles related to our topic of interest were searched using a systematic approach in national and international electronic databases. The retrospective follow-up cohort studies published in English up to 2022 were included. The data were extracted using a Microsoft Excel spread sheet and exported into Stata™ Version 17.0 for further management and analysis. The level of heterogeneity was quantified using I

resultsTen studies having a total of 5446 children were included. The pooled onset of first-line ART failure was 3.18 (95% CI: 1.91, 4.44) per 100 child-years of observations. Those study participants who began ART at an advanced WHO clinical stage at ART initiation had a 3.05 (95% CI: 1.47, 6.36), having poor ART adherence had a 2.19 (95% CI: 1.29, 3.70), and having TB-HIV coinfection at ART initiation had a 1.43 (95% CI: 1.06, 1.94) times higher chance of experiencing first-line ART failure than their corresponding counterparts.

conclusionThe onset of first-line ART failure was high to achieve the 2030 UNAIDS target of ending the AIDS epidemic. Advanced WHO clinical stage, poor first-line ART adherence, and having TB-HIV coinfection were identified predictors. Hence, community HIV screening should continue to strengthen early ART initiation, and the attention of ART adherence should be kept to achieve ending the AIDS epidemic. The baseline tests and diagnosis, like TB diagnosis should be maintained for HIV-infected children while they begin ART.

Indexed as

HIV InfectionsTreatment FailureAnti-HIV AgentsAnti-Retroviral AgentsChildEthiopiaHumansRisk FactorsAnti-HIV AgentsAnti-Retroviral AgentsChildrenEthiopiaFirst-line ART failureOnsetPredictors

Identifiers

PMID39731032
PMCPMC11673881

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

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Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.