ArticleBrazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology]2025
The efficacy of egg albumin nanoparticles adjuvanted Clostridium perfringens type D toxoid vaccine in rabbits.
Article in Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology], 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Not yet cited in PubMed.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
0 citing papers in PubMed.
No citing paper in PubMed yet.
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
11 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Epsilon toxin (ETX) is an exotoxin produced by Clostridium perfringens type D that induces enterotoxaemia or necrotic intestinal infection in small ruminants and bovine. Immunization is an essential element in preventing the spread of infectious diseases. In recent literature, nanocarriers have exhibited the capacity to deliver protection, stability, and regulated distribution properties to protein-based antigens. Furthermore, egg albumin is a highly adaptable protein nanocarrier in vaccine delivery systems due to its biocompatible, biodegradable, non-toxic, and non-immune-modulating properties. In this study, we assessed the efficacy, safety, immunogenicity, and dose-effect relationships of the nanoparticle-advanced toxoid vaccine (G1) in contrast to the commercially available vaccine (ETV) (G2). Two different vaccines (1 ml) were inoculated in experimental animals (rabbits) on days 1, 7, 14, 21, and 28. The geometric mean titers (GMT) of Groups 2 and 3 were recorded on the respective day of inoculation. The findings reveal that the GMT of group 2 was significantly higher than group 3. The use of nanoparticles to detain toxins demonstrated enhanced immune protection against the harmful effects caused by the toxins. This work is anticipated to explore new opportunities in developing improved vaccinations using nanoparticles to combat the pathogenicity/ virulence factors that present potential risks to livestock.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.