ReviewReviews in medical virology2025
Molecular Evolution of the H5 and H7 Highly Pathogenic Avian Influenza Virus Haemagglutinin Cleavage Site Motif.
Review in Reviews in medical virology, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 17 papers.
What it found
Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.
The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
The trial behind it
Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.
Who cites it
17 citing papers in PubMed.
- Genomic detection of highly pathogenic avian influenza H5N1 in Antarctic seabirds reveals connectivity with South American viral lineages.Brazilian journal of microbiology : [publication of the Brazilian Society for Microbiology] · 2026Article
- Genetic Determinants Analysis of PB1 and PB2 Genes in H5N1 Avian Influenza Strains from Romania.Pathogens (Basel, Switzerland) · 2026Article
- Detection of H5N1 HPAIV Clade 2.3.4.4b Avian Influenza Virus in Backyard Chickens in Costa Rica.Viruses · 2026Article
- Marked Antigenic Divergence and Evolutionary Analysis of H5 AIVs from Wild Birds in East China, 2013-2022.Animals : an open access journal from MDPI · 2026Article
- Ecology of Low Pathogenicity Avian Influenza Virus H7 in Wild Birds in South-Eastern Australia Prior to Emergence of High Pathogenicity Avian Influenza H7 in Poultry.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2026Article
- Distribution of influenza A virus receptors in tissues of South American marine wildlife.Veterinary research communications · 2026Article
- Polymerase trapping as the mechanism of H5 highly pathogenic avian influenza virus genesis.Science (New York, N.Y.) · 2026Article
- Avian Influenza Viruses: Global Panzootic, Host Range Expansion and Emerging One-Health Threats.Veterinary sciences · 2026Review
- Host genetics, lung T-cell immunity, and laying activity determine the disease outcome in avian influenza virus-infected chickens.Veterinary research · 2026Article
- Germany as a key transit hub for the emergence and spread of high pathogenicity avian influenza H5 clade 2.3.4.4b reassortants in Europe.Frontiers in microbiology · 2026Article
- Direct airway delivery of a humanized anti-H7N9 neutralizing antibody broadly protects against divergent H7 influenza viruses in the mouse model.Journal of virology · 2025Article
- Complete genome sequence of a highly pathogenic H5N1 avian influenza virus from recent poultry outbreak in Bangladesh.Microbiology resource announcements · 2025Article
- Genetic strategies for avian influenza resilience in poultry: from host-pathogen interaction studies to precision breeding.Functional & integrative genomics · 2025Review
- Antiviral Activity of Essential Oils Against Avian Influenza Virus H7N3 In Vitro and In Ovo Models.Viruses · 2025Article
- Article
- Surveillance of avian influenza through bird guano in remote regions of the global south to uncover transmission dynamics.Nature communications · 2025Article
- Detection of Avian Influenza Virus in Pigeons.Viruses · 2025Article
Corrections and comments
PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.
Authors and funding
2 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Avian influenza viruses are ubiquitous in the Anatinae subfamily of aquatic birds and occasionally spill over to poultry. Infection with low pathogenicity avian influenza viruses generally leads to subclinical or mild clinical disease. In contrast, highly pathogenic avian influenza viruses emerge from low pathogenic forms and can cause severe disease associated with extraordinarily high mortality rates. Here, we describe the natural history of avian influenza virus, with a focus on H5Nx and H7Nx subtypes, and the emergence of highly pathogenic forms; we review the biology of AIV; we examine cleavage of haemagglutinin by host cell enzymes with a particular emphasis on the biochemical properties of the proprotein convertases, and trypsin and trypsin-like proteases; we describe mechanisms implicated in the functional evolution of the haemagglutinin cleavage site motif that leads to emergence of HPAIVs; and finally, we discuss the diversity of H5 and H7 haemagglutinin cleavage site sequence motifs. It is crucial to understand the molecular attributes that drive the emergence and evolution of HPAIVs with pandemic potential to inform risk assessments and mitigate the threat of HPAIVs to poultry and human populations.
Indexed as
Identifiers
What OpenQuestion holds
Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.