Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39729872›Full record

Trial reportEnvironment international2025

Effects of a liquefied petroleum gas stove and fuel intervention on head circumference and length at birth: A multi-country household air pollution intervention network (HAPIN) trial.

Hina Raheel, Sheela Sinharoy, Anaité Diaz-Artiga, Sarada S Garg, Ajay Pillarisetti, Kalpana Balakrishnan, Marilu Chiang, Amy Lovvorn, Miles Kirby, Usha Ramakrishnan and 13 more

Registry-linked trialAbstract readMulticenter StudyRandomized Controlled Trial
PubMed Full text at PMC Publisher
In one paragraph

Trial report in Environment international, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. It is linked to trial NCT02944682 (Household Air Pollution and Health), which is not on this map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

NCT02944682 nacompletednot on this map

Household Air Pollution and Health: A Multi-country LPG Intervention Trial

TypeinterventionalSponsorEmory UniversityRan2017 to 2025Enrolled3,640ConditionsInfant, Low Birth WeightArmsLiquefied petroleum gas (LPG) cookstove
3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

23 authors.

Hina RaheelNell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA. Electronic address: hraheel@emory.edu.
Sheela SinharoyHubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, USA.
Anaité Diaz-ArtigaCenter for Health Studies, Universidad del Valle de Guatemala, Guatemala City, Guatemala.
Sarada S GargICMR Center for Advanced Research on Air Quality, Climate and Health, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Sri Ramachandra Institute for Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India.
Ajay PillarisettiDivision of Environmental Health Sciences, University of California at Berkeley, Berkeley, CA, USA.
Kalpana BalakrishnanICMR Center for Advanced Research on Air Quality, Climate and Health, Department of Environmental Health Engineering, Sri Ramachandra Institute for Higher Education and Research, Chennai, India.
Marilu ChiangBiomedical Research Unit, Asociación Benéfica PRISMA, Lima, Peru.
Amy LovvornGangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, CA, USA.
Miles KirbyDepartment of Global Health and Population, Harvard T. H. Chan School of Public Health, Harvard University, Boston, MA, USA.
Usha RamakrishnanHubert Department of Global Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, USA.
Shirin JabbarzadehDepartment of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Alexie MukeshimanaEagle Research Centre, Kigali, Rwanda.
Michael JohnsonBerkeley Air Monitoring Group, Berkeley, CA, USA.
John P McCrackenDepartment of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
Luke P NaeherDepartment of Environmental Health Science, College of Public Health, University of Georgia, Athens, GA, USA.
Ghislaine RosaFaculty of Infectious and Tropical Diseases, London School of Hygiene and Tropical Medicine, London, UK.
Jiantong WangDepartment of Biostatistics and Bioinformatics, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA.
Joshua RosenthalDivision of Epidemiology and Population Studies, Fogarty International Center, National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA.
William CheckleyDivision of Pulmonary and Critical Care, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA; Center for Global Non-Communicable Disease Research and Training, School of Medicine, Johns Hopkins University, Baltimore, MD, USA.
Thomas F ClasenGangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, CA, USA.
Jennifer L PeelDepartment of Environmental and Radiological Health Sciences, Colorado State University, Fort Collins, CO, USA.
Lisa M ThompsonNell Hodgson Woodruff School of Nursing, Emory University, Atlanta, GA, USA; Gangarosa Department of Environmental Health, Rollins School of Public Health, Emory University, Atlanta, CA, USA.
Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) investigators

Funding

Household Air Pollution and Health: A Multi-Country LPG Intervention TrialUM1HL134590 · NHLBI · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI CHECKLEY, WILLIAM, CLASEN, THOMAS F · 2016 to 2021
$31.1M
Women's empowerment as a result of ECOLECTIVOS (WERE)F31ES036126 · NIEHS · EMORY UNIVERSITY · PI RAHEEL, HINA · 2024 to 2025
$105k
NHLBI NIH HHS UM1 HL134590NIEHS NIH HHS F31 ES036126
6 · The paper itself

Abstract

backgroundAir pollution may impair child growth and cognitive development, with potential markers including birth length and head circumference.

methodsThe Household Air Pollution Intervention Network (HAPIN) trial was an open label multi-country-randomized controlled trial, with 3200 pregnant women aged 18-34 years (9-19 weeks of gestation) randomly assigned in a 1:1 ratio to receive liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) stove intervention compared to women continuing to cook with solid fuels for 18 months. Particulate matter ≤ 2.5 μm (PM2.5), black carbon (BC) and carbon monoxide (CO) 24-hour personal exposures were measured three times during pregnancy. Head circumference and length were measured < 24 h of birth. We conducted intention-to-treat and exposure-response analyses to determine the intervention effects and associations between household air pollution (HAP) exposure during pregnancy and head circumference, head circumference-for-gestational age Z-score, length, and length-for-gestational age Z-scores at birth. CLINICALTRIALS: gov.

resultsBetween May 2018, and Feb 2020, 3200 pregnant women were randomly assigned to intervention (n = 1593) and control groups (n = 1607) with 3060 births included in the analysis. There was a 71.9 % reduction in PM2.5 in the intervention group with similar reductions for BC and CO. Intention-to-treat analysis showed that the intervention did not affect head circumference (β = -0.01 cm, 95 %CI -0.11, 0.09), head circumference-for-gestational age Z-score (β = -0.01, 95 %CI -0.08, 0.07), or birth length (β = 0.14 cm, 95 %CI -0.01, 0.29) but did increase birth length-for-gestational age Z-score (β = 0.09, 95 %CI 0.01, 0.16). After covariate adjustment, exposure-response analysis revealed that each log-unit increase in BC was associated with a decrease in birth length-for-gestational age Z-score (β = -0.07, 95 %CI -0.13, -0.005). There was no evidence of hypothesized associations with PM2.5 or CO.

conclusionAn LPG intervention reduced HAP exposure during pregnancy but had minor effects on birth length-for-gestational age Z-score. Birth length-for-gestational age was only associated with BC. CLINICAL

trial registrationThe study has been registered with ClinicalTrials.gov (Identifier NCT02944682).

Indexed as

Air Pollution, IndoorCookingMaternal ExposurePetroleumAdolescentAdultAir PollutantsFemaleHeadHumansInfant, NewbornParticulate MatterPregnancyYoung AdultAir PollutantsParticulate MatterPetroleumBirth lengthHead circumferenceHousehold air pollutionInterventionLPG stove

Identifiers

PMID39729872
PMCPMC11757157

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.