ArticlePloS one2024
Potential use of salivary TNF-α as a vaccine-induced pain biomarker in people with cerebral palsy and communication disorders.
Article in PloS one, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.
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The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.
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Who cites it
2 citing papers in PubMed.
- The effect of tumor necrosis factor-alpha on rheumatoid arthritis-related pain: overview of evidence and mechanistic pathways.Croatian medical journal · 2026Review
- Listening effort and stress in tinnitus: a multidimensional approach.Frontiers in neuroscience · 2025Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
backgroundPain in people with cerebral palsy (CP) has been classically underestimated and poorly treated, particularly in individuals with impaired communication skills.
objectiveTo analyze changes in different salivary metabolites and pain behavior scales after a painful procedure in adults with CP and adults with typical development.
methodsSalivary levels of sTNF-α, sIgA, Cortisol, FRAP, ADA and Alpha Amylase, as well as 3 observational pain scales (Wong-Baker, Non-Communicating Adults Pain Checklist and Facial Action Coding System) were assessed before and after an intramuscular injection in 30 Individuals with CP and 30 healthy controls. Video recording of face expression was performed during the procedure for offline analysis.
resultsPain in subjects with CP was higher than in healthy controls after the intramuscular injection as displayed by observational scales. sTNF-α experienced a significant post-stimulus increase in both groups and that increase shows a tendency to correlate with the observational scales scores. Other biomarkers classically associated with stress (cortisol, Alpha Amylase) remain stable.
conclusionsTNF-α might be a promising pain indicator. Further research using controlled painful stimuli of greater intensity and pain self-reports, would be necessary to better understand its use as a pain biomarker.
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