Observational studyJournal of athletic training2025
Athletic Trainers' Observations of Social Determinants of Health in the Secondary School Setting: A Card Study.
Observational study in Journal of athletic training, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 1 paper.
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Who cites it
1 citing paper in PubMed.
- The Detroit Public Schools Health Corps: a student-led model for delivering sideline and preventive sports medicine in underserved communities.BMC sports science, medicine & rehabilitation · 2026Article
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Authors and funding
4 authors.
Funding
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Abstract
contextAthletic trainers (ATs) are in a unique position to mitigate the negative influences of social determinants of health (SDH) in their patients. In the secondary school setting, understanding common SDH may inform strategies that reduce these influences. However, little is known about the types of SDH that ATs observe in patients in this setting.
objectiveTo investigate SDH observed by ATs at the point of care in the secondary school setting.
designDescriptive, observational card study.
settingSecondary schools. PATIENTS OR OTHER
participantsTwenty-seven ATs (average age = 29.9 ± 5.6 years, 23 [85.2%] female). MAIN OUTCOME MEASURE(S): Athletic trainers recorded SDH on a standardized observation card during patient interactions. Cards provided instructions for completion and had a 4-column table with a list of 19 predetermined SDH, a checkbox for observed SDH, a checkbox for perceived negative influence of observed SDH on patient health, and an open box to write in actions taken to address the observed SDH.
resultsOverall, 676 cards with 748 observed SDH were collected from 27 secondary schools. Of those, 46.9% (351/748) were perceived to have a negative influence on patient health. The top 3 observed SDH were academic stressors (14.2%, 106/748), access to social media (12.6%, 94/748), and lack of health literacy (11.4%, 85/748). The ATs reported acting on 37.7% of negatively perceived SDH through counseling and education (48.6%, 137/282), additional resources (20.6%, 58/282), referral to others (17.4%, 49/282), and communication with others (13.5%, 38/282).
conclusionsOur results indicated ATs in the secondary school setting were observing and acting to mitigate the negative influence of SDH. However, these ATs should be prepared to provide resources for patients negatively influenced by academic stressors, social media, and lack of health literacy. Resources, referrals, and additional education for patients may support a healthier community and positively influence athlete health and well-being.
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