Evidence map›Paper›PMID 39729229›Full record

ArticleTherapeutic innovation & regulatory science2025

Evaluation of the Regulatory Review Process of the Zambia Medicines Regulatory Authority: Challenges and Opportunities.

Constance Sakala Chisha, Makomani Siyanga, Stephanie Leigh, Adem Kermad, Stuart Walker

Abstract read
In one paragraph

Article in Therapeutic innovation & regulatory science, 2025. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 2 papers.

0numbers the graph read from it
0cells of the map it votes in
2citing papers in PubMed
–field-weighted citation impact
1 · What the graph read from it

What it found

Each row is one number read from the abstract, on the scale the paper reported it, with its interval. Left of the dashed line favours the treatment, right favours the comparator. Under each row is the sentence it came from. New to these charts? A ten-minute tutorial.

The abstract states no effect estimate the extractor could read, or names no intervention and outcome on the map, so this paper lights no cell and moves no belief. It is still indexed, cited and linked below.

2 · The registry

The trial behind it

Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.

Neither the registry nor the abstract names a trial number. If this is a trial report, that itself is worth knowing.

3 · Its place in the literature

Who cites it

2 citing papers in PubMed.

  1. Article
  2. Article
4 · The record

Corrections and comments

PubMed lists nothing against this paper. Absence here is not a guarantee, only a check that was made.

5 · Who and what money

Authors and funding

5 authors.

Constance Sakala ChishaUniversity of Witwatersrand, 7 York road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2017, South Africa.
Makomani SiyangaZambia Medicines Regulatory Authority, P. O Box 31890, Lusaka, Zambia.
Stephanie LeighUniversity of Witwatersrand, 7 York road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2017, South Africa. stephanie.leigh@wits.ac.za.
Adem KermadCentre for Innovation in Regulatory Science, 70 St Mary Axe, London, EC3A 8BE, UK.
Stuart WalkerUniversity of Witwatersrand, 7 York road, Parktown, Johannesburg, 2017, South Africa.

Funding

No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.

6 · The paper itself

Abstract

purposeThis study aimed to assess the current regulatory review process of the Zambia Medicines Regulatory Authority (ZAMRA) by identifying the key milestones and target timelines achieved for products approved from 2020 to 2023, as well as good review and quality decision-making practices implemented in the review process.

methodsA standardised, validated questionnaire; Optimising Efficiencies in Regulatory Agencies (OpERA) and the OpERA Data Collection Template were completed by the author.

resultsThree review models are used by ZAMRA to review new active substances (NASs) and generic products: verification, for products prequalified by the World Health Organization or approved by a stringent regulatory authority (SRA); abridged, for well-established molecules or SRA-approved products; or full, for products not otherwise prequalified. Good review practices and quality decision-making processes were followed but could be improved.

conclusionThis study assessed the overall ZAMRA operation and identified the key milestones in the review process for products approved from 2020 to 2023, target timelines achieved and the compliance to standard good review and quality decision-making practices.

Indexed as

Drug ApprovalDecision MakingHumansSurveys and QuestionnairesZambiaGood review practicesKey milestonesQuality decision-making processRegulatory review modelsZambia Medicines Regulatory Authority (ZAMRA)

Identifiers

PMID39729229
PMCPMC11880130

What OpenQuestion holds

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LicenceCC BY
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Registered trials

None linked

Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.