ReviewPathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology2024
Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology: A Global Health Threat in Rural Agricultural Communities-Prevalence, Suspected Causes, Mechanisms, and Prevention Strategies.
Review in Pathophysiology : the official journal of the International Society for Pathophysiology, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers.
What it found
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Trials whose registry record cites this paper, or whose number appears in the abstract. A trial that started after this paper was published is citing it as background, not reporting it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed.
- Paediatric chronic kidney disease of unknown aetiology: early-life origins, detection, and prevention.Pediatric nephrology (Berlin, Germany) · 2026Review
- Small extracellular vesicles are the key players in ochratoxin A-induced kidney toxicity.Cell communication and signaling : CCS · 2026Article
- Mesoamerican nephropathy: A silent epidemic at the nexus of climate, labor, and health.AIMS public health · 2026Article
- The evolution of nephrology practice in Egypt: legacy, current challenges, and future directions-a narrative review.Renal failure · 2025Review
- Prognostic Value of Fibrinogen-to-Albumin Ratio and Neutrophil-to-Lymphocyte Ratio in Patients on Peritoneal Dialysis.Life (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Effects of Air Pollution on Dialysis and Kidney Transplantation: Clinical and Public Health Action.Journal of clinical medicine · 2025Review
- Novel Lipid Biomarkers of Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology Based on Urinary Small Extracellular Vesicles: A Pilot Study of Sugar Cane Workers.Metabolites · 2025Article
- Combating converging crises: The role of universities in global health, climate, and equity.The journal of climate change and healthArticle
Corrections and comments
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Authors and funding
6 authors.
Funding
No grant is acknowledged in the PubMed record.
Abstract
Chronic Kidney Disease of Unknown Etiology (CKDu) is a worldwide hidden health threat that is associated with progressive loss of kidney functions without showing any initial symptoms until reaching end-stage renal failure, eventually leading to death. It is a growing health problem in Asia, Central America, Africa, and the Middle East, with identified hotspots. CKDu disease mainly affects young men in rural farming communities, while its etiology is not related to hypertension, kidney stones, diabetes, or other known causes. The main suspected causal factors are heat-stress, dehydration, exposure to agrochemicals, heavy metals and use of hard water, infections, mycotoxins, nephrotoxic agents, altitude, and genetic factors. This review gives an overview of CKDu and sheds light on its medical history, geographic distribution, and worldwide prevalence. It also summarizes the suspected causal factors, their proposed mechanisms of action, as well as the main methods used in the CKDu prior detection and surveillance. In addition, mitigation measures to reduce the burden of CKDu are also discussed. Further investigation utilizing more robust study designs would provide a better understanding of the risk factors linked to CKDu and their comparison between affected regions.
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Registered trials
Read under generation 80e0d062 · epoch 390. Bibliography from PubMed, PubMed Central and OpenAlex; grants from NIH RePORTER; trial links from ClinicalTrials.gov; estimates, votes and beliefs from the OpenQuestion graph.