ArticleThe Lancet regional health. Europe2024
COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against SARS-CoV-2-confirmed hospitalisation in the eastern part of the WHO European Region (2022-2023): a test-negative case-control study from the EuroSAVE network.
Article in The Lancet regional health. Europe, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 10 papers.
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Who cites it
10 citing papers in PubMed.
- Factors associated with thrombotic events among young adults in India, 2021-23: A multi-centric hospital-based matched case -control study.The Indian journal of medical research · 2026Article
- Comparing outcomes of COVID-19 and influenza among hospitalized adults in the European severe acute respiratory infection vaccine effectiveness (EuroSAVE) network, 2021-2024: a retrospective cohort analysis.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2026Article
- Article
- Clinical and economic benefits of seasonal COVID-19 vaccination in Germany: results from the ROUTINE-COV19 Study, September 2022 to March 2024.Euro surveillance : bulletin Europeen sur les maladies transmissibles = European communicable disease bulletin · 2026Article
- Retrospective Cohort Analysis of Survival After SARS-CoV-2 Infection by Vaccination Status in Jamaica, April-December 2021.Vaccines · 2025Article
- COVID-19 Vaccine Effectiveness Against Hospitalizations and Severe Outcomes in Kosovo, 2022-2024: A Test-Negative Case-Control Study.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2025Article
- COVID-19 Hospitalizations, Vaccine Uptake, Vaccination Guidelines, and Vaccine Availability in Six Middle-Income Countries and Areas in Europe, May 2022-April 2024.Influenza and other respiratory viruses · 2025Article
- Factors Influencing COVID-19 Vaccination Hesitancy and Booster Dose Adherence Among University Students: A Cross-Sectional Study in Crete, Greece.Healthcare (Basel, Switzerland) · 2025Article
- Evaluation of COVID-19 Booster Vaccine Effectiveness.Viruses · 2025Article
- First real-life data on COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness against hospitalisation and severe disease from the eastern part of the WHO European Region.The Lancet regional health. Europe · 2024Article
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Authors and funding
29 authors.
Funding
Abstract
Background: Understanding COVID-19 vaccine effectiveness (VE) in preventing severe disease is critical to inform vaccine policy. We used the test-negative design to estimate VE against SARS-CoV-2-confirmed hospitalisation in adults ≥18 years in the eastern WHO European Region. Methods: We included patients hospitalised for severe acute respiratory infection (SARI) at sentinel surveillance sites in Albania, Georgia, Kyrgyzstan, North Macedonia, Serbia, and in Kosovo. We collected demographic information, COVID-19 vaccination history, and tested respiratory samples for SARS-CoV-2 by RT-PCR. We calculated VE of any vaccine dose received within 12 months (Annual VE) as [(1 - adjusted Odds Ratio) x 100%] using a one-stage pooled analysis. The reference group included unvaccinated individuals and those who received their last vaccine >12 months before symptom onset. Findings: During 1 January 1, 2022-November 20, 2023, of 5162 patients, 57.0% (2942) were unvaccinated, 2.5% (129) received only one dose, 26.0% (1340) received only two doses (originally considered a primary series vaccine (PS)), 13.2% (683) received three doses only, and 1.3% (68) received four doses. Most PS vaccines and boosters were BNT162b2 (46.4% (622/1340) and 64.9% (443/683), respectively) and CoronaVac (23.0% (309/1340) and 18.3% (125/683)). No patients received Ad26.COV2.S (Johnson and Johnson) vaccines. Overall, 1009/5162 (19.5%) patients were SARS-CoV-2-positive. VE was 60.1% (95% Confidence Interval (CI) 12.4-81.8) for last vaccine received 14-89 days before symptom onset, 60.0% (95% CI 32.2-76.4) for 90-179 days, 7.0% (95% CI -28.5 to 32.7) for 180-269 days, and -5.4% (95% CI -43.8 to 22.8) for 270-365 days.). Interpretation: During nearly two years of Omicron circulation in the eastern WHO European Region, COVID-19 vaccination reduced the risk of hospitalisations by more than half for 6 months following vaccination. Funding: This study was funded by the World Health Organization, Regional Office for Europe through a cooperative agreement with the U.S. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention.
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