ArticleBMC psychiatry2024
The functional heterogeneity of non-suicidal self-injury: insights from latent profile analysis.
Article in BMC psychiatry, 2024. The graph could read no effect estimate from its abstract, so it casts no vote on the map. Cited by 8 papers, 1 of them a synthesis that pooled it.
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Who cites it
8 citing papers in PubMed, 1 synthesis or guideline pooled it.
- The Relationship Between Anger and Nonsuicidal Self-Injury: A Meta-Analysis.Suicide & life-threatening behavior · 2026Pooled it
- Motivational-addictive profiles of nonsuicidal self-injury in Chinese youth: a cluster analysis with validation using external correlates.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- The imperative for culturally specific suicide prevention models beyond the Western gaze.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- The somatization of structural friction: deciphering the surge of adolescent self-harm in post-transition China.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- The interactive turn in generative AI for self-harm.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- Emotion regulation difficulties and experiential avoidance in adolescents with non-suicidal self-injury: a latent profile and moderation analysis.Frontiers in psychiatry · 2026Article
- A Study of Spontaneous Self-Injurious Behavior and Neuroimaging in Rhesus Macaques.Research (Washington, D.C.) · 2025Article
- Bridging Emotional Trauma and Future Success: Integrating Psychological Support and Talent Management to Address the Impact of Childhood Emotional Abuse on University Students [Letter].Psychology research and behavior management · 2025Article
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6 authors.
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Abstract
backgroundThe functional aspects of non-suicidal self-injury (NSSI) among adolescents represent a complex phenomenon requiring deeper understanding. While research has identified various NSSI functions, including emotional regulation, attention-seeking, and social avoidance, the field lacks comprehensive analysis of how these functions cluster into distinct profiles. Understanding these functional profiles is crucial for developing targeted interventions.
methodA cross-sectional study of 1,783 adolescents (1,464 girls, 318 boys) aged 12-18 years was conducted across 14 psychiatric or general hospitals in nine Chinese provinces. Participants completed the Functional Assessment of Self-Mutilation (FASM), which assesses 22 distinct NSSI functions across three primary dimensions: emotional regulation, attention-seeking, and social avoidance. Additional measures included the Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) for depression and Generalized Anxiety Disorder Scale (GAD-7) for anxiety symptoms. Latent profile analysis was employed to identify distinct patterns in NSSI functions, with model selection based on fit indices including AIC, BIC, entropy, and LMRT.
resultsLatent profile analysis revealed four distinct functional profiles: low attention-seeking-high social avoidance (LA-HS, 19.7%), high attention-seeking-high social avoidance (HA-HS, 9.5%), low attention-seeking and social avoidance (LA-LS, 57.8%), and high attention-seeking-low social avoidance (HA-LS, 13.0%). The HA-HS profile demonstrated the most severe clinical presentation, showing significantly elevated scores in NSSI frequency (M = 26.160, SD = 9.771), anxiety (GAD-7: M = 16.265, SD = 4.951), and depression (PHQ-9: M = 20.612, SD = 6.003). The LA-HS profile showed the second-highest severity (NSSI: M = 25.800, SD = 10.058; GAD-7: M = 14.775, SD = 5.376; PHQ-9: M = 19.966, SD = 5.938). Both profiles also demonstrated significantly higher rates of suicidal ideation (HA-HS: 77.6%; LA-HS: 79.2%) compared to other profiles.
conclusionsOur findings reveal distinct patterns in how adolescents utilize NSSI functionally, particularly regarding attention-seeking and social avoidance dimensions. These functional profiles show meaningful associations with psychological outcomes, suggesting that understanding NSSI functions, rather than just behaviors, may be crucial for assessment and intervention. The identification of these distinct functional profiles among Chinese adolescents highlights the importance of function-specific approaches in clinical assessment and treatment planning.
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